1. Ames CP, Scheer JK, Lafage V, et al. Adult spinal deformity: epidemiology, health impact, evaluation, and management. Spine Deform 2016 4:310-22.
2. Pérennou D, Marcelli C, Hérisson C, et al. Adult lumbar scoliosis. Epidemiologic aspects in a low-back pain population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1994 19:123-8.
3. Carter OD, Haynes SG. Prevalence rates for scoliosis in US adults: results from the first national health and nutrition examination survey. Int J Epidemiol 1987 16:537-44.
4. Schwab F, Dubey A, Gamez L, et al. Adult scoliosis: prevalence, SF-36, and nutritional parameters in an elderly volunteer population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:1082-5.
6. Bess S, Line B, Fu KM, et al. The health impact of symptomatic adult spinal deformity: comparison of deformity types to United States population norms and chronic diseases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016 41:224-33.
7. Terran J, Schwab F, Shaffrey CI, et al. The SRS-Schwab adult spinal deformity classification. Neurosurgery 2013 73:559-68.
8. Smith JS, Klineberg E, Schwab F, et al. Change in classification grade by the srs-schwab adult spinal deformity classification predicts impact on health-related quality of life measures; prospective analysis of operative and nonoperative treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013 38:1663-71.
9. Glassman SD, Bridwell K, Dimar JR, et al. The impact of positive sagittal balance in adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:2024-9.
10. Harroud A, Labelle H, Joncas J, et al. Global sagittal alignment and health-related quality of life in lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. Eur Spine J 2013 22:849-56.
11. Glassman SD, Berven S, Bridwell K, et al. Correlation of radiographic parameters and clinical symptoms in adult scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005 30:682-8.
12. Lafage V, Schwab F, Patel A, et al. Pelvic tilt and truncal inclination: two key radiographic parameters in the setting of adults with spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 34:E599-606.
13. Schwab FJ, Blondel B, Bess S, et al. Radiographical spinopelvic parameters and disability in the setting of adult spinal deformity: a prospective multicenter analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2013 38:E803-12.
14. Smith JS, Lafage V, Shaffrey CI, et al. Outcomes of operative and nonoperative treatment for adult spinal deformity: a prospective, multicenter, propensity-matched cohort assessment with minimum 2-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 2016 78:851-61.
15. Lafage R, Schwab F, Challier V, et al. Defining spino-pelvic alignment thresholds should operative goals in adult spinal deformity surgery account for age? Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016 41:62-8.
16. Mehta VA, Amin A, Omeis I, et al. Implications of spinopelvic alignment for the spine surgeon. Neurosurgery 2015 76:707-21.
17. Kim HJ, Boachie-Adjei O, Shaffrey CI, et al. Upper thoracic versus lower thoracic upper instrumented vertebrae endpoints have similar outcomes and complications in adult scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014 39:E795-9.
18. Daniels AH, Reid DBC, Durand WM, et al. Upper-thoracic versus lower-thoracic upper instrumented vertebra in adult spinal deformity patients undergoing fusion to the pelvis: surgical decision-making and patient outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine 2019 Dec 20 1. -7.
https://doi:10.3171/2019.9.SPINE19557. [Epub].
19. Luo M, Wang P, Wang W, et al. Upper thoracic versus lower thoracic as site of upper instrumented vertebrae for long fusion surgery in adult spinal deformity: a meta-analysis of proximal junctional kyphosis. World Neurosurg 2017 102:200-8.
20. Wang SJ, Jiang SD, Jiang LS, et al. Axial pain after posterior cervical spine surgery: a systematic review. Eur Spine J 2011 20:185-94.
21. Hosono N, Yonenobu K, Ono K. Neck and shoulder pain after laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996 21:1969-73.
22. Ohnari H, Sasai K, Akagi S, et al. Investigation of axial symptoms after cervical laminoplasty, using questionnaire survey. Spine J 2006 6:221-7.
23. Kimura A, Shiraishi Y, Inoue H, et al. Predictors of persistent axial neck pain after cervical laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2018 43:10-5.
24. Kimura A, Endo T, Inoue H, et al. Impact of axial neck pain on quality of life after laminoplasty. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015 40:E1292-8.
25. Fujibayashi S, Neo M, Yoshida M, et al. Neck muscle strength before and after cervical laminoplasty: relation to axial symptoms. J Spinal Disord Tech 2010 23:197-202.
26. Sakaura H, Hosono N, Mukai Y, et al. Persistent local pain after posterior spine surgery for thoracic lesions. J Spinal Disord Tech 2007 20:226-8.
28. Zotti MG, Brumby-Rendell OP, McDonald B, et al. The outcome of pedicle screw instrumentation removal for ongoing low back pain following posterolateral lumbar fusion. J spine Surg (Hong Kong) 2015 1:50-6.
29. Jentzsch T, Gomes de Lima V, Seifert B, et al. The benefits of elective spinal implant removal: a retrospective study of 137 patients. Eur Spine J 2016 25:856-64.
33. Smits AJ, Ouden L Den, Jonkergouw A, et al. Posterior implant removal in patients with thoracolumbar spine fractures: long-term results. Eur Spine J 2016 26:1-10.
34. Deckey JE, Court C, Bradford DS. Loss of sagittal plane correction after removal of spinal implants. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000 25:2453-60.
35. Rathjen K, Wood M, McClung A, et al. Clinical and radiographic results after implant removal in idiopathic scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007 32:2184-8.
36. Alpert HW, Farley FA, Caird MS, et al. Outcomes following removal of instrumentation after posterior spinal fusion. J Pediatr Orthop 2014 34:613-7.
37. Groves RM, Peytcheva E. The impact of nonresponse rates on nonresponse bias: a meta-analysis. Public Opin Q 2008 72:167-89.
39. Grossman MD, Reilly PM, Gillett T, et al. National survey of the incidence of cervical spine injury and approach to cervical spine clearance in U.S. trauma centers. J Trauma 1999 47:684-90.
40. Uribe JS, Deukmedjian AR, Mummaneni PV, et al. Complications in adult spinal deformity surgery: an analysis of minimally invasive, hybrid, and open surgical techniques. Neurosurg Focus 2014 36:E15.