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Neurospine > Volume 17(2); 2020 > Article |
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Demographic | Total (n = 86) | PROMIS ≥ 35 (n = 67) | PROMIS < 35 (n = 19) | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yr) | 47.3 ± 9.5 | 49.1 ± 9.3 | 41.3 ± 7.3 | 0.001 |
Sex | 0.361 | |||
Female | 33 (38.4) | 24 (35.8) | 9 (47.4) | |
Male | 53 (61.6) | 43 (64.2) | 10 (52.6) | |
Body mass index | 0.506 | |||
Nonobese (< 30 kg/m2) | 42 (48.8) | 34 (50.8) | 8 (42.1) | |
Obese (≥ 30 kg/m2) | 44 (51.2) | 33 (49.3) | 11 (57.9) | |
Smoking status | 0.179 | |||
Non-smoker | 72 (83.7) | 58 (85.6) | 14 (73.7) | |
Smoker | 14 (16.3) | 9 (13.4) | 5 (26.3) | |
Insurance coverage (n) | 0.592 | |||
Private or WC | 85 (98.8) | 66 (98.5) | 19 (100) | |
Medicare/Medicaid | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |
Ageless CCI | 0.7 ± 0.94 | 0.72 ± 1.0 | 0.79 ± 0.9 | 0.767 |
Preoperative diagnoses* | ||||
Uncomplicated diabetes | 10 (11.6) | 8 (11.9) | 2 (10.5) | 0.865 |
Congestive heart failure | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.592 |
Hypertension | 23 (26.7) | 19 (28.4) | 4 (21.1) | 0.525 |
Arthritis | 13 (15.1) | 9 (13.4) | 4 (21.1) | 0.413 |
Malignancy | 1 (1.2) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.592 |
Spinal pathology | ||||
Herniated nucleus pulposus | 73 (84.9) | 57 (85.1) | 16 (84.2) | 0.926 |
Degenerative disc disease | 7 (8.1) | 7 (10.5) | 0 (0) | 0.142 |
Central/spinal stenosis | 40 (46.5) | 33 (49.3) | 7 (36.8) | 0.338 |
Foraminal stenosis | 14 (16.3) | 11 (16.4) | 3 (15.8) | 0.948 |
Trauma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; WC, workers compensation.
* There were no patients in our study with a recorded medical history of myocardial infarction, complicated diabetes, neurologic disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, paraplegia, peripheral vascular disease, metastatic disease, liver disease, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or gastrointestinal bleeds.
Characteristic | PROMIS ≥ 35 (n = 67) | PROMIS < 35 (n = 19) | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|
Procedure status | 0.476 | ||
Primary | 56 (84.9) | 14 (77.8) | |
Revision | 15 (15.1) | 4 (22.2) | |
Operative time* (min) | 57.7 ± 50.8 | 50.3 ± 10.3 | 0.531 |
Estimated blood loss (mL) | 28.3 ± 13.7 | 28.9 ± 9.4 | 0.856 |
Length of hospital stay (hr) | 10.9 ± 9.0 | 10.2 ± 8.8 | 0.747 |
Day of discharge | 0.832 | ||
POD 0 | 54 (80.6) | 15 (79.0) | |
POD 1 | 12 (17.9) | 4 (21.0) | |
POD 2 | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | |
Fusion rate | 64 (98.5) | 19 (100) | 0.587 |
Radiograph | 56 (84.9) | 12 (63.2) | |
CT | 10 (15.2) | 7 (36.8) |
Postoperative complication | PROMIS ≥ 35 (n = 67) | PROMIS < 35 (n = 19) | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|
Aspiration | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Urinary retention | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Urinary tract infection | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Acute renal failure | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Postoperative anemia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Epidural hematoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Altered mental status | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Deep venous thrombosis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Pulmonary embolism | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Pneumothorax | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Arrhythmia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Ileus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Pneumonia | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Dysphagia | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0.592 |
Atelectasis | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Pleural effusion | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Fever | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | - |
Nausea and vomiting | 2 (3.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.633 |
PROMIS time period | PROMIS ≥ 35 | PROMIS < 35 | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|
Preoperative | 42.5 ± 5.6 (67) | 29.9 ± 2.5 (19) | < 0.001 |
6 Weeks | 41.7 ± 7.7 (47) | 35.2 ± 2.6 (12) | 0.006 |
12 Weeks | 47.6 ± 10.0 (38) | 38.5 ± 7.9 (12) | 0.006 |
6 Months | 48.3 ± 8.8 (37) | 39.9 ± 5.7 (8) | 0.014 |
1 Year | 48.6 ± 9.0 (27) | 45.9 ± 10.2 (4) | 0.591 |
PROMIS time period |
Postoperative improvement |
p-value† | |
---|---|---|---|
PROMIS ≥35 | PROMIS <35 | ||
Preoperative | |||
6 Weeks | -0.84 ± 8.5 (47) | 4.5 ± 3.8 (12) | 0.041 |
12 Weeks | 5.0 ± 8.8 (38) | 8.0 ± 7.4 (12) | 0.298 |
6 Months | 6.3 ± 7.9 (37) | 9.0 ± 4.7 (8) | 0.355 |
1 Year | 5.4 ± 8.3 (27) | 15.1 ± 8.6 (4) | 0.038 |
PROMIS time period | PROMIS ≥35 | p-value† | PROMIS <35 | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative | 42.5 ± 5.6 (67) | 29.9 ± 2.5 (19) | ||
6 Weeks | 41.7 ± 7.7 (47) | 0.500 | 35.2 ± 2.6 (12) | 0.002 |
12 Weeks | 47.6 ± 10.0 (38) | 0.001 | 38.5 ± 7.9 (12) | 0.003 |
6 Months | 48.3 ± 8.8 (37) | < 0.001 | 39.9 ± 5.7 (8) | 0.001 |
1 Year | 48.6 ± 9.0 (27) | 0.002 | 45.9 ± 10.2 (4) | 0.039 |
Variable | PROMIS ≥ 35 | p-value* | PROMIS < 35 | p-value* | p-value† |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
VAS arm time period | |||||
Preoperative | 5.8 ± 2.4 (62) | 6.4 ± 2.7 (16) | 0.214 | ||
6 Weeks | 2.5 ± 3.2 (62) | < 0.001 | 3.7 ± 4.0 (16) | 0.016 | 0.090 |
12 Weeks | 2.7 ± 3.3 (53) | < 0.001 | 3.2 ± 4.1 (17) | 0.002 | 0.534 |
6 Months | 2.7 ± 3.0 (45) | < 0.001 | 3.9 ± 3.6 (13) | 0.013 | 0.162 |
1 Year | 3.6 ± 3.9 (25) | 0.052 | 3.2 ± 5.0 (5) | 0.248 | 0.863 |
VAS neck time period | |||||
Preoperative | 5.9 ± 1.9 (62) | 7.2 ± 2.5 (16) | 0.014 | ||
6 Weeks | 3.2 ± 2.7 (62) | < 0.001 | 5.3 ± 3.6 (16) | 0.048 | 0.003 |
12 Weeks | 2.7 ± 2.6 (53) | < 0.001 | 3.9 ± 3.1 (17) | < 0.001 | 0.071 |
6 Months | 2.5 ± 2.6 (45) | < 0.001 | 3.7 ± 3.5 (14) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
1 Year | 2.9 ± 2.8 (25) | < 0.001 | 2.8 ± 4.6 (5) | 0.147 | 0.962 |
NDI time period | |||||
Preoperative | 33.6 ± 13.5 (62) | 53.6 ± 17.6 (16) | < 0.001 | ||
6 Weeks | 26.9 ± 18.2 (62) | < 0.001 | 50.6 ± 18.1 (16) | 0.509 | < 0.001 |
12 Weeks | 22.4 ± 16.6 (53) | < 0.001 | 40.4 ± 24.2 (17) | 0.034 | < 0.001 |
6 Months | 18.2 ± 13.4 (45) | < 0.001 | 40.3 ± 30.7 (13) | 0.185 | < 0.001 |
1 Year | 20.8 ± 15.1 (25) | 0.004 | 30.0 ± 41.4 (5) | 0.426 | 0.347 |
SF-12 time period | |||||
Preoperative | 37.3 ± 7.3 (51) | 29.2 ± 5.1 (16) | < 0.001 | ||
6 Weeks | 38.3 ± 9.1 (51) | < 0.001 | 28.2 ± 7.2 (16) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
12 Weeks | 41.4 ± 9.5 (37) | 0.033 | 31.9 ± 7.9 (15) | 0.097 | 0.001 |
6 Months | 42.2 ± 9.1 (35) | 0.002 | 34.3 ± 7.9 (11) | 0.064 | 0.019 |
1 Year | 42.8 ± 6.8 (26) | 0.053 | 32.4 ± 12.1 (5) | 0.457 | 0.055 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation (number).
PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System; VAS, visual analogue scale; NDI, Neck Disability Index; SF-12, 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey.