Objective The clinical utility of anterior cervical plating for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures remains controversial. This study aims to compare the impact of cervical plating on achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) up to 2 years following ACDF.
Methods Patients undergoing primary, single-level ACDF procedures were grouped based on whether their procedure included application of an anterior cervical plate. Demographics, preoperative spinal diagnoses, operative characteristics, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were compared between plating groups. Achievement of an MCID was assessed using the following previously established thresholds: 12-item Short Form health survey physical component summary (SF-12 PCS) 8.1, visual analogue scale (VAS) neck 2.6, VAS arm 4.1, Neck Disability Index (NDI) 8.5. Rates of MCID achievement were compared between groups.
Results The cohort included 192 patients of whom 102 received plating and 90 received no plating. Plating status was significantly associated with Charlson Comorbidity Index and insurance status. Operative duration and estimated blood loss were significantly greater for the plating group. Both groups demonstrated significant improvements at the majority of postoperative timepoints. Significant intergroup differences in PROM improvement were demonstrated for VAS neck and NDI at 6 weeks. Rates of MCID achievement differed significantly between groups for NDI at 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, and SF-12 PCS overall.
Conclusion Patients improved significantly in terms of pain, disability and physical function, regardless of plating status, and with the exception of early neck pain and disability, these improvements were similar between groups. Patients that underwent plating as part of their ACDF procedure achieved an MCID for physical function at lower rates overall.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The impact of operative level on reoperation rates and short-term patient-reported outcomes in 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion Yulia Lee, Chloe Herczeg, Mitchell K. Ng, Jonathan Dalton, Rachel Huang, Joydeep Baidya, Jarod Olson, Robert J. Oris, Rajkishen Narayanan, William Green, Gregorio Baek, Joshua Mathew, Ian Argento, Natalie Lowenstein, Theresa Chua, Nicholas Wang, Alec Giak European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
A retrospective comparative analysis of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using stand-alone titanium cage versus cage and plate fixation in two-level cervical disc herniation Cem Sever, Bekir Eray Kilinc, Ahmet Onur Akpolat, Tayfun Bozkaya, Akif Kurtan, Abdulhamit Misir Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Reoperation Rate Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion With Standalone Cage Versus Anterior Plating in a Large Matched Cohort Adeesya Gausper, Andrew M. Miller, Vivien Chan, Suhas K. Etigunta, Andy M. Liu, David Skaggs, Tiffany Perry, Corey Walker, Alexander Tuchman Clinical Spine Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Does the Presence of Preoperative Myelomalacia Impact Outcomes Following ACDF? Robert J. Oris, Jonathan Dalton, Ryan Lin, Rachel Huang, Jarod Olson, Chloe Herczeg, Joydeep Baidya, Rajkishen Narayanan, Evgeniy V. Uvarov, Keyur Patel, Harshill Patel, Theresa Chua, Thomas D. Cha, Mark F. Kurd, Ian David Kaye, Jose A. Canseco, Alan S. H Spine.2025; 50(22): 1539. CrossRef
Assessing Surgical Outcomes for Cage Plate System versus Stand-Alone Cage in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Elias Elias, Ali Daoud, Justin Smith, Charbel Elias, Zeina Nasser World Neurosurgery.2024; 185: 150. CrossRef
Radiographic Characteristics of Caudal Segment in Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: The Bony Buttress Formation Chang Hwa Ham, Joo Han Kim, Youn-Kwan Park, Woo-Keun Kwon, Hong Joo Moon Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1241. CrossRef
Comparative Radiological Outcomes of Stand-alone Cage versus Cage and Plate in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective Cohort Study Isam Sami Moghamis, Abduljabbar Alhammoud, Amgad M. Elshoeibi, Abedallah Abudalou, Jawad Derbas, Mutaz Awad Alhardallo, Salahuddeen Abdelsalam, Abdulmoeen Baco Avicenna Journal of Medicine.2024; 14(04): 216. CrossRef
Self-locking stand-alone cage versus cage-plate fixation in monosegmental anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a minimum 2-year follow-up: a systematic review and meta-analysis Yu Zhang, Jidong Ju, Jinchun Wu Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparing zero-profile and conventional cage and plate in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using finite-element modeling Chang-Hwan Ahn, Sungwook Kang, Mingoo Cho, Seong-Hun Kim, Chi Heon Kim, Inbo Han, Chul-Hyun Kim, Sung Hyun Noh, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Jong-Moon Hwang Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Subsidence on Segmental and Global Lordosis at Long-term Follow-up After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Akiro H. Duey, Christopher Gonzalez, Eric A. Geng, Pierce J. Ferriter Jr, Ashley M. Rosenberg, Ula N. Isleem, Bashar Zaidat, Paul M. Al-Attar, Jonathan S. Markowitz, Jun S. Kim, Samuel K. Cho Neurospine.2022; 19(4): 927. CrossRef
Objective The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification has been used to risk stratify surgical candidates. Our study compares outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) procedures based on preoperative ASA physical status classification.
Methods A surgical registry was reviewed for primary, single-level MIS TLIF patients. Patients were categorized by preoperative ASA physical status classification: ASA I, ASA II, ASA III+. Perioperative complications were compared among groups. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for back pain, leg pain, physical function, and disability were recorded preoperatively and at 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative timepoints. PROM improvement from baseline (ΔPROM) and minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement was calculated for each timepoint and compared among groups. MCID achievement was determined as ΔPROMs that surpassed previously established MCID values.
Results Of the 487 patients, 64 had an ASA classification of I, whereas 336 had an ASA of II, and 87 had an ASA of III or greater. Rates of complications were not associated with ASA classification (all p > 0.050). Neither mean PROM scores nor ΔPROM scores were significantly associated with ASA classification at any timepoint (all p > 0.050). MCID achievement was significantly associated with ASA classification for back pain at 1 year only (p = 0.041). Overall MCID achievement was not significantly associated with ASA classification for any PROM (p > 0.050).
Conclusion While ASA classification has been commonly used to risk stratify surgical candidates for spinal procedures, patients with an ASA of III or greater may be able to achieve similar long-term outcomes following MIS TLIF given proper selection criteria.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Risk Scale to Guide Prophylactic Paraspinous Flap Closure in High-Risk Spine Surgery Allison S. Karwoski, Esther Jung, Kevin Schlidt, Yvonne M. Rasko Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Baseline American Society of Anesthesiologists classification predicts worse anxiety and pain interference following Lumbar Interbody Fusion John F. Sencaj, Malik A. Siddique, Gregory A. Snigur, Sloane O. Ward, Shriya N. Patel, Kern Singh Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2025; 131: 110929. CrossRef
Music therapy combined with anesthesia recovery care boosts anesthesia recovery in colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection Yan Zheng, Hai-Fang Ni, Yan Shi, Dan-Qian Cui, Zhen-Zhu Wu, Yu-Feng Ling, Shui-Qing He, Xiao-Yun Qin World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
What Are the Risk Factors for Mechanical Failure in Spinal Arthrodesis? An Observational Study Vincenzo Peccerillo, Antonio Culcasi, Riccardo Ruisi, Francesca Amaducci, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Marco Girolami, Andrea Evangelista, Mattia Morri Surgical Techniques Development.2024; 13(1): 87. CrossRef
Efficacy of polidocanol foam sclerotherapy in treatment of patients with advanced hemorrhoids Zhen-Jun Fang, Lin-Xue Wang, Fa Jin World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2024; 32(5): 361. CrossRef
Periotome versus piezotome as an aid for atraumatic extraction: a randomized controlled trial Mohammed Abdullah Alraqibah, Jingade Krishnojirao Dayashankara Rao, Bader Massad Alharbi Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.2022; 48(6): 356. CrossRef
Objective Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is a validated tool for assessing patient-reported outcomes in spine surgery. However, PROMIS is vulnerable to nonresponse bias. The purpose of this study is to characterize differences in patient-reported outcome measure scores between patients who do and do not complete PROMIS physical function (PF) surveys following lumbar spine surgery.
Methods A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed for primary, elective lumbar spine procedures from 2015 to 2019. Outcome measures for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), visual analogue scale (VAS) back & leg, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and 12-item Short Form health survey physical composite summary (SF-12 PCS) were recorded at both preoperative and postoperative (6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years) timepoints. Completion rates for PROMIS PF surveys were recorded and patients were categorized into groups based on completion. Differences in mean scores at each timepoint between groups was determined.
Results Eight hundred nine patients were included with an average age of 48.1 years. No significant differences were observed for all outcome measures between PROMIS completion groups preoperatively. Postoperative PHQ-9, VAS back, VAS leg, and ODI scores differed significantly between groups through 1 year (all p < 0.05). SF-12 PCS differed significantly only at 6 weeks (p = 0.003).
Conclusion Patients who did not complete PROMIS PF surveys had significantly poorer outcomes than those that did in terms of postoperative depressive symptoms, pain, and disability. This suggests that patients completing PROMIS questionnaires may represent a healthier cohort than the overall lumbar spine population.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Is It Fair That Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Completion Is Tied to Reimbursement? Patient Demographics Are Associated With Rates of PROM Completion and Potential Health Disparities Jake Laverdiere, Swaroopa Vaidya, Gregory Panza, Dianne Vye, Jenna Bernstein The Journal of Arthroplasty.2026; 41(2): 329. CrossRef
Patient Variability Drives Postoperative Outcome Volatility More Than Surgeon or Indication: A Bayesian Simulation Study of PROMIS Global Health for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Seth M. Meade, Michael Shost, Arpan A. Patel, Daniel T. Lilly, Brittany Lapin, Michael P. Steinmetz, Thomas Mroz, Ghaith Habboub Neurosurgery.2026; 98(6): 1288. CrossRef
Patient-reported outcome measures for hip and knee arthroplasty in Ontario, Canada Steven Habbous, Stephen Petersen, Calum Thompson, James Waddell, Brent Lanting, Sarah Ward, Erik Hellsten Journal of Orthopaedics.2026; 75: 191. CrossRef
The use of machine learning for the prediction of response to follow-up in spine registries Alice Baroncini, Andrea Campagner, Federico Cabitza, Francesco Langella, Francesca Barile, Pablo Bellosta-López, Domenico Compagnone, Riccardo Cecchinato, Marco Damilano, Andrea Redaelli, Daniele Vanni, Pedro Berjano International Journal of Medical Informatics.2025; 195: 105752. CrossRef
Improving equitable collection and analysis of PROMIS Global Health data over time following spine surgery: characterizing survey nonresponse and missing data David Shin, Seth Meade, Gabrielle Scariano, Yadi Li, Arpan A. Patel, Brittany Lapin, Michael P. Steinmetz, Thomas Mroz, Ghaith Habboub The Spine Journal.2025; 25(10): 2299. CrossRef
Validation of PROMIS anxiety item bank computer adaptive test among patients with heart failure Nolan Marblestone, Steven Chu, Nicole Tomei, Denzel Lodge, Aarushi Bansal, Nathaniel Edwards, Heather J. Ross, Josef Stehlik, Desana Thayaparan, Jad Fadlallah, Joshua G. Lee, Istvan Mucsi Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictors of Postoperative Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Response Rates Among Patients With Rotator Cuff Repair Nomi S. Weiss-Laxer, Sonja Pavlesen, Alfonso Arevalo, Joycelyn Jeffords, Mohammad N. Haider, Leslie J. Bisson The American Journal of Sports Medicine.2024; 52(1): 215. CrossRef
An Injectable Engineered Cartilage Gel Improves Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Rat Nucleotomy Model Basanta Bhujel, Soon Shim Yang, Hwal Ran Kim, Sung Bum Kim, Byoung-Hyun Min, Byung Hyune Choi, Inbo Han International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3146. CrossRef
Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Repair via Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Tetracycline Regulatory System Yeji Kim, Seong Bae An, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Jong Joo Lee, Sung Bum Kim, Jae-Cheul Ahn, Dong-Youn Hwang, Inbo Han International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(22): 16024. CrossRef
Objective To assess the impact of bilateral versus unilateral interbody cages on outcomes for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS TLIF) procedures.
Methods A retrospective review for primary, elective, single-level MIS TLIF procedures with bilateral posterior instrumentation from 2008–2020 was performed. Patients were grouped according to unilateral or bilateral interbody cage use. Procedures performed without static interbody cages or indicated for trauma, infection, malignancy were excluded. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) included visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, 12-item Short Form health survey physical composite score (SF-12 PCS), PatientReported Outcome Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF). PROs were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Change in PROs (Δ) was calculated and compared between groups. Achievement of minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using established values from the literature. Achievement rates were compared between groups using logistic regression.
Results The study included 151 patients, with 111 unilateral and 40 bilateral cage placements. Charlson Comorbidity Index, diabetes, and insurance status differed between groups (p < 0.050). Prevalence of degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis (both p ≤ 0.002), operative level (p = 0.003), and postoperative length of stay (p = 0.022) significantly differed between groups. The unilateral group had lower 1-year arthrodesis rates (p = 0.035). Preoperative VAS leg (p = 0.017) and SF-12 PCS (p = 0.045) were worse for the unilateral group. ΔPROMIS-PF was greater for the bilateral group at 2 years (p = 0.001). Majority of patients achieved an overall MCID for all PROs, except VAS leg (bilateral group).
Conclusion While preoperative status and postoperative arthrodesis rates differed, patients achieved an MCID at similar rates regardless of use of unilateral or bilateral cages.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Impact of nonunion on patient-related outcomes after single level minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disease: A propensity score–matched analysis Tatsuya Yamamoto, Momotaro Kawai, Tomohisa Tabata, Yohei Takahashi, Jun Ogawa European Spine Journal.2026; 35(4): 1736. CrossRef
Comparative outcomes of unilateral and bilateral cage placement in lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Stavros Stamiris, Dimitrios Stamiris, Elissavet Anestiadou, Athanasios Sarridimitriou, Angeliki Cheva, Antonia Loukousia, Vasilleios Vrangalas, Pavlos Christodoulou, Christos Karampalis Asian Spine Journal.2026; 20(2): 372. CrossRef
Is there a difference in unilateral versus bilateral facetectomy in an open or minimally invasive surgery transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion? A systematic review and meta-analysis Mario Cyriac Tchaya Tcheukado, George Nageeb, Jonathan Hintz, Michael Steinmetz, Mohamed Macki Surgical Neurology International.2026; 17: 110. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of single vs. double cage insertion in unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion: clinical and radiological outcomes Guisi Xie, Yanli Pan, Zhongshu Shan, Chan Wang Lei, Lek Hang Cheang, Jiaming Liang, Junfeng Shen, Wei Zhang, Chengyue Zhu Frontiers in Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter re: Letter to the Editor Concerning ‘Long-Term Incidence of Adjacent Segmental Pathology after Minimally Invasive vs. Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion’ Sitian Niu, Ranran Li, Jingzhi Wang Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(2): 1459. CrossRef
Long-Term Incidence of Adjacent Segmental Pathology After Minimally Invasive vs Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Jae-Won Shin, Yung Park, Sang-Ho Kim, Sung-Ryul Choi, Joong-Won Ha, Hak Sun Kim, Kyung-Soo Suk, Sung-Hwan Moon, Si-Young Park, Byung-Ho Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Hee-Min Choi Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(2): 1457. CrossRef
Cost-effectiveness analysis of extended endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (EELF) and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF): a prospective observational study Jun-Hoe Kim, Hangeul Park, Chang-Hyun Lee, Chi Heon Kim Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-Term Risk of Adjacent-Segment Disease in Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Treated with Posterior Interbody Fusion Delia Cannizzaro, Gabriele Capo, Matteo Gionso, Donato Creatura, Mario De Robertis, Carla Daniela Anania, Emanuele Stucchi, Emilia Bellina, Ali Baram, Carlo Brembilla, Massimo Tomei, Alessandro Ortolina, Emanuela Morenghi, Franco Servadei, Federico Pessin World Neurosurgery.2025; 196: 123822. CrossRef
Biomechanical Comparison of Transforaminal Interbody Fusion Implants: Static vs Expandable Cages and Unilateral Versus Bilateral Cages Clayton L. Rosinski, Nicole A. D. Watson, Michael E. Kritikos, Kirill V. Nourski, Anthony J. Marincovich, Tyson S. Matern, Prabin Shrestha, Patrick W. Hitchon Operative Neurosurgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Unilateral Versus Bilateral Cages in Lumbar Interbody Fusions: A Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes Mohammad Daher, Marven Aoun, Pierre El-Sett, Gaby Kreichati, Khalil Kharrat, Amer Sebaaly World Neurosurgery.2024; 186: 158. CrossRef
An evaluation of fusion status following lumbar fusion surgery utilizing multi-planar computed tomography Tariq Z. Issa, Yunsoo Lee, Jeremy Heard, Tyler W. Henry, Michael A. McCurdy, Nicholas Siegel, Caroline Zaworksi, Julia Dambly, Jose A. Canseco, Alan S. Hilibrand, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Gregory D. Schroeder, John Mangan, Mark Lambrechts, Christopher K. Kep European Spine Journal.2024; 33(9): 3545. CrossRef
Postoperative urinary retention after oblique lumbar interbody fusion under the systematic management protocol Joonsoo Lim, Jangyeob Lim, Asfandyar Khan, Chang-Hyun Lee, Jun-Hoe Kim, Sejin Choi, Tae-Shin Kim, Yunhee Choi, Chun Kee Chung, Sangwook T. Yoon, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Chi Heon Kim Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Commentary on “Three-Dimensional-Printed Titanium Versus Polyetheretherketone Cages for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review of Comparative In Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies” Yanting Liu, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine.2023; 20(2): 464. CrossRef
Comparison of Lumbosacral Fusion Grade in Patients after Transforaminal and Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐Up Jinping Liu, Rong Xie, Cynthia T. Chin, Priya Rajagopalan, Ping‐Guo Duan, Bo Li, Shane Burch, Sigurd H. Berven, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Dean Chou Orthopaedic Surgery.2023; 15(9): 2334. CrossRef
A Comparison of Radiographic Alignment between Bilateral and Unilateral Interbody Cages in Patients Undergoing Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Mark James Lambrechts, Jeremy Heard, Nicholas D’Antonio, John Bodnar, Gregory Schneider, Evan Bloom, Jose Canseco, Barrett Woods, Ian David Kaye, Mark Kurd, Jeffrey Rihn, Alan Hilibrand, Gregory Schroeder, Alexander Vaccaro, Christopher Kepler Asian Spine Journal.2023; 17(4): 666. CrossRef
Morphometric Comparison of Interbody Fusion with Cage and Autograft at L4-L5 Levels versus Autograft Alone for Fusion Azmi Tufan, Feyza Karagöz Güzey, Abdurrahman Aycan Bagcilar Medical Bulletin.2023; 8(3): 293. CrossRef
Lumbar interbody fusion with bilateral cages using a biportal endoscopic technique with a third portal Chengyue Zhu, Liangping Zhang, Hao Pan, Wei Zhang Acta Neurochirurgica.2022; 164(9): 2343. CrossRef
Safety and efficacy of unilateral and bilateral pedicle screw fixation for lumbar degenerative diseases by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis Rui Zhong, Xiali Xue, Runsheng Wang, Jing Dan, Chuanen Wang, Daode Liu Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective To assess change in Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) as predictors for revision lumbar decompression (LD).
Methods Patients who underwent primary, single or multilevel LD were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were categorized according to whether or not they underwent revision LD within 2 years of the primary procedure. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-item Short Form Health Survey and 12-item Veterans RAND physical component score (SF-12 PCS and VR-12 PCS), and Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS-PF) were recorded. Delta PROM scores were evaluated for differences between groups and as a risk factor for a revision LD.
Results The study included 135 patients, 91 undergoing a primary procedure only and 44 undergoing a primary and revision procedure. Matched patients did not demonstrate any significant differences in demographics or perioperative characteristics. Patients who underwent a revision had a mean time to revision of 7.4 ± 5.7 months. Primary cohort significantly improved for all PROMs (all p < 0.05), while the primary plus revision cohort significantly improved for VAS back, ODI, and PROMIS-PF (all p < 0.05). However, cohorts differed in VAS back and PROMIS-PF (p < 0.05). Delta PROMs were not a significant risk factor for revision except at 6 months for PROMIS-PF (p = 0.024).
Conclusion LD has been associated with reliable outcomes, but early identification of patients at risk for revision is critical. This study suggests that tools such as PROMIS-PF may serve a role in predicting who is at risk and the 6-month follow-up period may be valuable for counseling patients who are not experiencing improvement.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Use of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Outcome Measures in Lumbar Decompression Surgery: A Systematic Review Harneet K Cheema, Manraj S Cheema, James Gomes Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between spinal manipulative therapy and lumbar spine reoperation after discectomy: a retrospective cohort study Robert J. Trager, Jordan A. Gliedt, Collin M. Labak, Clinton J. Daniels, Jeffery A. Dusek BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Screening patients requiring secondary lumbar surgery for degenerative lumbar spine diseases: a nationwide sample cohort study Hangeul Park, Juhee Lee, Yunhee Choi, Jun-Hoe Kim, Sum Kim, Young-Rak Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Sung Bae Park, Kyoung-Tae Kim, John M. Rhee, Chi Heon Kim Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Perioperative Predictors in Patients Undergoing Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Minimum Clinically Important Difference Achievement James W. Nie, Timothy J. Hartman, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Keith R. MacGregor, Eileen Zheng, Vincent P. Federico, Dustin H. Massel, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2023; 175: e914. CrossRef
Objective The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a screening tool for evaluating depressive symptoms. Research is scarce regarding the validity and correlation of PHQ-9 scores with other patient-reported outcomes of mental health after minimally invasive lumbar discectomy (MIS LD). We aim to validate PHQ-9 as a metric for assessing mental health in MIS LD patients.
Methods A database was retrospectively reviewed for patients who underwent elective, single-level MIS LD. Patients were excluded if they had incomplete preoperative PHQ-9, 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), or Veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR12). Survey scores were collected preoperatively and postoperatively through 1 year. Mean scores were used to calculate postoperative improvement from preoperative scores. Correlation of PHQ-9 with SF-12 mental composite score (MCS) and VR-12 MCS scores was also calculated. Correlation strength was assessed by the following categories: 0.1 ≤ |r| < 0.3 = low; 0.3 ≤ |r| < 0.5 = moderate; |r| ≥ 0.5 = strong.
Results A total of 239 patients underwent single-level MIS LD. PHQ-9, VR-12 MCS, and SF-12 MCS all demonstrated statistically significant increases from preoperative scores at all postoperative timepoints (p ≤ 0.001). SF-12 MCS and VR-12 MCS were each observed to have strong and significant correlations with PHQ-9 at all timepoints when evaluated with both Pearson correlation coefficients and partial correlation coefficients.
Conclusion We observed that PHQ-9, SF-12 MCS and VR-12 MCS all significantly improve following lumbar discectomy and that PHQ-9 scores strongly correlated with these previously established measures. Our results substantiate evidence from other surgical fields that PHQ-9 scores are a valid tool to evaluate pre- and postsurgical depressive symptoms.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The Impact of Preoperative Psychological Interventions on Postoperative Outcomes in Spine Surgery Ellen O’Callaghan, Chinelo Agwuegbo, Maria Junaid, Ezinne Oguguo, Emily Luo, Dana Rowe, Antoinette Charles, Seeley Yoo, Alyssa Bartlett, Samantha J. Kaplan, Melissa Erickson, C. Rory Goodwin Clinical Spine Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Remodeling of the ventral attention network-default mode network as potential neural correlates of anxiety in lumbar disc herniation patients treated with lever positioning manipulation: a resting-state fMRI study Xing-chen Zhou, Shuang Wu, Kai-zheng Wang, Long-hao Chen, Zi-cheng Wei, Tao Li, Zi-han Hua, Yuan-shen Huang, Qiong Xia, Zhi-zhen Lv, Li-jiang Lv BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Preoperative Optimization for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery Prerana Katiyar, Justin Reyes, Josephine Coury, Joseph Lombardi, Zeeshan Sardar Spine.2024; 49(5): 304. CrossRef
Prognostic Value in Preoperative Veterans RAND-12 Mental Component Score on Clinical Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Ishan Khosla, Fatima N. Anwar, Andrea M. Roca, Srinath S. Medakkar, Alexandra C. Loya, Keith R. MacGregor, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Eileen Zheng, Aayush Kaul, Jacob C. Wolf, Vincent P. Federico, Gregory D. Lopez, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 361. CrossRef
Impact of Depression and Anxiety on Patient Reported Outcomes Measures after Lumbar Fusion Brandon J. Toll, Yagiz U. Yolcu, Joel Z. Passer, Andrew Y. Yew, Subu N. Magge, Zoher Ghogawala, Robert G. Whitmore World Neurosurgery.2024; 186: e391. CrossRef
Serum calcium improves the relationship between fluoride exposure and hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis hormones levels in males—a cross-sectional study on farmers in the lower reaches of the Yellow River Guoqing Wang, Leizhen Duan, Yuhui Du, Xiaoli Fu, Bin Liu, Xuanyin Zhang, Fangfang Yu, Guoyu Zhou, Yue Ba Environmental Pollution.2024; 363: 125084. CrossRef
Patient Satisfaction Following Lumbar Decompression: What is the Role of Mental Health? Madhav R. Patel, Kevin C. Jacob, Timothy J. Hartman, James W. Nie, Vivek P. Shah, Frank A. Chavez, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Conor P. Lynch, Elliot D.K. Cha, Michael C. Prabhu, Hanna Pawlowski, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2022; 164: e540. CrossRef
Changing lung function and associated health-related quality-of-life: A five-year cohort study of Malawian adults Martin W. Njoroge, Patrick Mjojo, Catherine Chirwa, Sarah Rylance, Rebecca Nightingale, Stephen B. Gordon, Kevin Mortimer, Peter Burney, John Balmes, Jamie Rylance, Angela Obasi, Louis W. Niessen, Graham Devereux eClinicalMedicine.2021; 41: 101166. CrossRef
Objective Our study aims to evaluate the impact of severity of preoperative Neck Disability Index (NDI) on postoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).
Methods A retrospective review of primary, elective, single or multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or cervical disc arthroplasty procedures between 2013 and 2019 was performed. Visual analogue scale (VAS) neck and arm, NDI, 12-item Short Form physical and mental composite score (SF-12 PCS and MCS), Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System physical function, and 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were collected preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients were categorized by preoperative NDI: none-to-mild disability ( < 30); moderate disability ( ≥ 30 to < 50); severe disability ( ≥ 50 to < 70); complete disability ( ≥ 70). The impact of preoperative NDI on PROM scores and minimum clinically important difference (MCID) achievement rates were evaluated.
Results The cohort included 74 patients with none-to-mild disability, 95 moderate, 76 severe, and 17 with complete disability. Patients with greater preoperative disability demonstrated significantly different scores for NDI, VAS neck, SF-12 MCS, and PHQ-9 at all timepoints (p < 0.001). Patients with more severe disability demonstrated different magnitudes of improvement for NDI (all p < 0.001), VAS neck (p ≤ 0.009), VAS arm (p = 0.025), and PHQ-9 (p ≤ 0.011). The effect of preoperative severity on MCID achievement was demonstrated for NDI and for PHQ-9 (p ≤ 0.007).
Conclusion Patients with severe neck disability demonstrated differences in pain, disability, physical and mental health. MCID achievement also differed by preoperative symptoms severity. Patients with more severe neck disability may be limited to the degree of improvement in quality of life but perceive them as significant changes.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Preoperative Disability Influences Effectiveness of Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State in Predicting Patient Improvement Following Cervical Spine Surgery Pratyush Shahi, Omri Maayan, Tejas Subramanian, Nishtha Singh, Sumedha Singh, Kasra Araghi, Olivia Tuma, Tomoyuki Asada, Maximilian Korsun, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, Sheeraz A. Qureshi, Sravisht Iyer Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(2): 884. CrossRef
Are Mildly Disabled Patients Appropriate for Spine Bundles? An Application of the Operative Value Index Advith Sarikonda, Ashmal Sami, D. Mitchell Self, Emily Isch, Alexander Zavitsanos, Antony A. Fuleihan, Ayra Khan, Conor Dougherty, Danyal Quraishi, Jack Jallo, Joshua Heller, Srinivas K. Prasad, Ashwini Sharan, James Harrop, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Ahilan S World Neurosurgery.2025; 196: 123797. CrossRef
Psychometric evaluation of the Japanese neck disability index by exploratory factor analysis in preoperative patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: impact of pain and numbness Yasuaki Mizoguchi, Kiyokazu Akasaka, Kenta Suzuki, Fumihiko Kimura, Toby Hall, Satoshi Ogihara The Spine Journal.2024; 24(11): 2172. CrossRef
Influence of Preoperative Disability on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion James W. Nie, Timothy J. Hartman, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Eileen Zheng, Keith R. MacGregor, Dustin H. Massel, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2023; 171: e412. CrossRef
Differences in Time to Achieve Minimum Clinically Important Difference Between Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion and Cervical Disc Replacement Vincent P. Federico, James W. Nie, Timothy J. Hartman, Eileen Zheng, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Keith R. MacGregor, Dustin H. Massel, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2023; 176: e337. CrossRef
Neck Disability Index as a Prognostic Factor for Outcomes Following Cervical Disc Replacement Timothy J. Hartman, James W. Nie, Keith R. MacGregor, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Eileen Zheng, Kern Singh Clinical Spine Surgery.2023; 36(8): 310. CrossRef
Does Baseline Severity of Arm Pain Influence Outcomes Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion? Madhav R. Patel, Kevin C. Jacob, Frank A. Chavez, Alexander W. Parsons, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Kern Singh Asian Spine Journal.2023; 17(3): 500. CrossRef
Neck Disability at Presentation Influences Long-Term Clinical Improvement for Neck Pain, Arm Pain, Disability, and Physical Function in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Kevin C. Jacob, Madhav R. Patel, Max A. Ribot, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Andrew P. Collins, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2022; 163: e663. CrossRef
Objective This study aims to detail the association between comorbidity burden and achieving minimum clinically important difference (MCID) following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).
Methods A prospective surgical registry was retrospectively reviewed. Patients with missing preoperative Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS PF) were excluded. Patients were stratified by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI): no comorbidities = 0 point; low CCI = 1–2 points; high CCI = ≥ 3 points. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were collected and evaluated for differences. Visual analogue scale (VAS), 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12), and PROMIS PF were collected pre- and postoperatively and assessed for differences. Differences in achievement of MCID were compared using established values: VAS neck = 2.6, VAS arm = 4.1, NDI = 8.5, SF-12 physical composite score (SF-12 PCS) = 8.1, PROMIS PF = 4.5.
Results One hundred twenty-five ACDF patients were included: 37 had no comorbidities, 64 with low CCI, and 24 with high CCI. Higher CCI groups were older, nonsmokers, diabetic, arthritic, hypertensive, and had cancer. Multilevel fusions, operative time, length of stay, and later discharge day were associated with high CCI. VAS neck differed preoperatively by group. SF-12 PCS and PROMIS PF were inversely associated with CCI groups. CCI did not impact achievement of MCID for all outcomes. A lower rate of reaching MCID was demonstrated at 3 months for SF-12 PCS.
Conclusion Regardless of comorbidity burden, patients undergoing ACDF for cervical pathology demonstrated a similar rate of achieving MCID for VAS neck, VAS arm, NDI, and PROMIS PF. Regardless of CCI score, ACDF can have a significant benefit for patients.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The impact of operative level on reoperation rates and short-term patient-reported outcomes in 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion Yulia Lee, Chloe Herczeg, Mitchell K. Ng, Jonathan Dalton, Rachel Huang, Joydeep Baidya, Jarod Olson, Robert J. Oris, Rajkishen Narayanan, William Green, Gregorio Baek, Joshua Mathew, Ian Argento, Natalie Lowenstein, Theresa Chua, Nicholas Wang, Alec Giak European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of the Impact of Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities on Long-term Postoperative Spinal Surgery Outcomes Abigail Jenkins, Emmanuella Oduguwa, Faraaz Azam, Michael Farid, Sean O’Leary, Jason Wang, Alejandra Possu, Jonathan Tao, Emmanuel Adeyemo, Paula Mofor, Yves Jordan Kenfack, Pooja Venkatesh, Kristen Hall, Umaru Barrie, Salah G Aoun, Carlos A. Bagley Spine Open.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Considerations and Joint Preservation Principles in the Management of Patients with Symptomatic Chondral Lesions Eric J. Cotter, Allen A. Yazdi, Alexander C. Weissman, Brian J. Cole Clinics in Sports Medicine.2025; 44(3): 499. CrossRef
Should We Operate on Octogenarians With Cervical Myelopathy or Radiculopathy? Omar Zakieh, Maryam Y. Jawid, Mitchell F. Bowers, Mason W. Young, Scott L. Zuckerman, Julian G. Lugo-Pico, Raymond J. Gardocki, Amir M. Abtahi, Byron F. Stephens Spine.2025; 50(7): E122. CrossRef
The impact of preoperative handgrip strength on postoperative outcomes following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion Duy Nguyen Anh Tran, Yu-Pin Chen, Hui-En Lin, Tan Thanh Nguyen, Hoan Le Nguyen, Yi-Jie Kuo Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Outcomes After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Rajkishen Narayanan, Omar H. Tarawneh, Jonathan Dalton, Mark Miller, Robert J. Oris, Tariq Z. Issa, Matthew Meade, Nicholas B. Pohl, Alexa Tomlak, Aayush Mehta, Logan Witt, Abhi Bhamidipati, Anish Ponna, Emily Berthiaume, Ian D. Kaye, Mark F. Kurd, Jose A Spine.2025; 50(19): 1313. CrossRef
The Effect of Patient Resilience on Postoperative Scores After One- and Two-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Matthew H. Meade, Tyler Radack, Samantha Riebesell, Matthew J. Schultz, Levi Buchan, Alan S. Hilibrand, Mark F. Kurd, Victor Hsu, Ian David Kaye, Gregory D. Schroeder, Christopher Kepler, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Barrett I. Woods World Neurosurgery.2024; 189: e953. CrossRef
Treating Multilevel Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease in a Patient With Stage IV Lung Cancer With Notable Comorbidities Using a Drug Eluting Biomaterial: A Case Report Bryan S. Margulies, Joe C. Loy, Nikhil Thakur, Pedro Sanz-Altamira JAAOS: Global Research and Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Patients with radiculopathy have worse baseline disability and greater improvements following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion compared to patients with myelopathy Gregory R. Toci, Mark J. Lambrechts, Brian A. Karamian, Jose A. Canseco, Alan S. Hilibrand, Christopher K. Kepler, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Gregory D. Schroeder The Spine Journal.2023; 23(2): 238. CrossRef
Is 3D-printed Titanium cage a reliable option for 3-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in treating degenerative cervical spondylosis? Shanxi Wang, Xuan Fang, Yunkun Qu, Rui Lu, Xiaojun Yu, Shaoze Jing, Qing Ding, Chaoxu Liu, Hua Wu, Yang Liu Frontiers in Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparing zero-profile and conventional cage and plate in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using finite-element modeling Chang-Hwan Ahn, Sungwook Kang, Mingoo Cho, Seong-Hun Kim, Chi Heon Kim, Inbo Han, Chul-Hyun Kim, Sung Hyun Noh, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Jong-Moon Hwang Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Objective There is a scarcity of research evaluating gender differences in depressive symptoms among patients undergoing cervical surgery. This study investigated gender differences with regard to depressive symptom severity, measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), in patients following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or artificial disc replacement (ADR).
Methods A prospectively maintained surgical registry was retrospectively reviewed for eligible spine surgeries. Depressive symptom severity was evaluated by PHQ-9 at both preand postoperative timepoints (e.g. , 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years). A chi-square test and Student t-test evaluated differences between the gender for demographic and operative variables where appropriate. Differences between the gender subgroup mean PHQ-9 scores were assessed using a t-test pre- and postoperatively (e.g. , 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year) and a paired t-test was used to assess differences from preoperative scores at each postoperative time point.
Results A total of 170 subjects underwent 125 ACDFs and 45 ADRs. Both pre- and postoperative timepoints demonstrated no significant differences between mean PHQ-9 scores by gender. Female patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PHQ-9 scores at 6 weeks, and 12 weeks, but not through 2 years. Male patients demonstrated statistically significant improvement in PHQ-9 scores at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years.
Conclusion Although there were no significant differences between mean PHQ-9 score between the genders, there was a difference in magnitude of improvement. Females had a significant improvement in depressive symptom severity over baseline at the 6- and 12-week timepoints only, whereas males had significant improvement through 2 years postoperatively.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Surgical interventions for degenerative cervical disease: Impact on patient quality of life, mental health, pain relief, and spiritual health Ching-Ya Huang, Cheng-Shyuan Rau, Jo-Chien Lin, Shiun-Yuan Hsu, Ching-Hua Hsieh Heliyon.2025; 11(1): e41555. CrossRef
The use of the Core Yellow Flags Index for the assessment of psychosocial distress in patients undergoing surgery of the cervical spine Francine Mariaux, Achim Elfering, Tamás F. Fekete, François Porchet, Daniel Haschtmann, Raluca Reitmeir, Markus Loibl, Dezsö Jeszenszky, Frank S. Kleinstück, Anne F. Mannion European Spine Journal.2024; 33(6): 2269. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Depression Following Vascular Surgery Procedures Blake L. Findley, Teryn A. Holeman, Benjamin S. Brooke Journal of Surgical Research.2024; 301: 54. CrossRef
Workers compensation patients experiencing depression report meaningful improvement in mental health scores after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion Timothy J. Hartman, James W. Nie, Keith R. MacGregor, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Eileen Zheng, Kern Singh Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma.2022; 34: 102020. CrossRef
James M. Parrish, Nathaniel W. Jenkins, Elliot D.K. Cha, Conor P. Lynch, Cara E. Geoghegan, Shruthi Mohan, Caroline N. Jadczak, David P. Matichak, Kern Singh
Neurospine 2021;18(1):155-162. Published online March 31, 2021
Objective Our study aims to evaluate the correlation of Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical function (PROMIS PF) with legacy patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) among patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).
Methods A prospectively maintained database was retrospectively reviewed for ACDF surgeries performed between May 2015 and September 2017. Inclusion criteria were primary elective, single- or multilevel ACDFs for degenerative spinal pathology. Patients lacking preoperative or 2-year PROMIS PF surveys were excluded. Mean scores were calculated for visual analogue scale (VAS) neck, VAS arm, Neck Disability Index (NDI), 12-Item Short Form Physical Component Score (SF-12 PCS), and PROMIS PF at preoperative and 6-week, 12-week, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative timepoints. A t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were utilized to evaluate score improvement and PROM relationships respectively.
Results The 50 subject cohort was 60.0% male, 50% obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) and had an average age of 50.9 years. Significant improvements were demonstrated for VAS neck and NDI at all postoperative timepoints (p < 0.001) and for SF-12 and PROMIS PF at all timepoints except 6 weeks (p ≤ 0.025). VAS arm improvement was seen up to 1 year (p ≤ 0.016). PROMIS PF demonstrated strong correlations with NDI and SF-12 PCS at all evaluated timepoints and with VAS neck at all postoperative timepoints except 6 weeks (all p < 0.01).
Conclusion PROMIS PF was strongly correlated with pain, disability, and physical function up to 2 years for patients undergoing ACDF. Our results support the long-term validity of PROMIS PF for measurement of patient-reported physical function among ACDF cohorts.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Impact of Preoperative PROMIS PF on Outcomes Following Cervical Disc Replacement Cole T. Kwas, Tejas Subramanian, Joshua Zhang, Eric Mai, Annika Heuer, Chad Z. Simon, Nishtha Singh, Tomoyuki Asada, Kasra Araghi, Olivia C. Tuma, Maximilian K. Korsun, Myles R.J. Allen, Eric T. Kim, Avani S. Vaishnav, Evan D. Sheha, James E. Dowdell, Sh Clinical Spine Surgery.2026; 39(3): E161. CrossRef
Influence of Preoperative Physical Function Scores on Outcomes After Single-level Cervical Disc Replacement Timothy J. Hartman, James W. Nie, Eileen Zheng, Keith R. MacGregor, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Kern Singh Clinical Spine Surgery.2025; 38(7): E376. CrossRef
Are Mildly Disabled Patients Appropriate for Spine Bundles? An Application of the Operative Value Index Advith Sarikonda, Ashmal Sami, D. Mitchell Self, Emily Isch, Alexander Zavitsanos, Antony A. Fuleihan, Ayra Khan, Conor Dougherty, Danyal Quraishi, Jack Jallo, Joshua Heller, Srinivas K. Prasad, Ashwini Sharan, James Harrop, Alexander R. Vaccaro, Ahilan S World Neurosurgery.2025; 196: 123797. CrossRef
Rates of cervical spine surgery and repeat epidural injections after cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections for patients with cervical radiculopathy utilizing a large national database Andrew R. Stephens, Ramzi El-Hassan, Ashley Rogerson Interventional Pain Medicine.2025; 4(4): 100651. CrossRef
Quantitative evaluation of upper extremity strength recovery after cervical epidural block: a retrospective study Dong Hyuck Kim, Do Yun Kwon, Kwang-Ryeol Kim Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 42: 73. CrossRef
Does Baseline Severity of Arm Pain Influence Outcomes Following Single-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion? Madhav R. Patel, Kevin C. Jacob, Frank A. Chavez, Alexander W. Parsons, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Kern Singh Asian Spine Journal.2023; 17(3): 500. CrossRef
Severe Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor of Early Readmission and Nonhome Discharge After Cervical Disc Replacement Tejas Subramanian, Daniel Shinn, Pratyush Shahi, Izzet Akosman, Troy Amen, Omri Maayan, Eric Zhao, Kasra Araghi, Junho Song, Sidhant Dalal, James Dowdell, Sravisht Iyer, Sheeraz Qureshi Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 890. CrossRef
The Veterans Rand-12 Physical Composite Score Prognosticates Postoperative Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Andrea M. Roca, Fatima N. Anwar, Alexandra C. Loya, Srinath S. Medakkar, Aayush Kaul, Jacob C. Wolf, Ishan Khosla, Vincent P. Federico, Arash J. Sayari, Gregory D. Lopez, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2023; 180: e756. CrossRef
Completion Rates for PROMIS Physical Function Surveys Compared with Legacy PROMs in Patients Undergoing Cervical Spine Surgery Conor P. Lynch, Elliot D.K. Cha, Kevin C. Jacob, Madhav R. Patel, Cara E. Geoghegan, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Kern Singh Journal of Orthopaedic Experience & Innovation.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neck Disability at Presentation Influences Long-Term Clinical Improvement for Neck Pain, Arm Pain, Disability, and Physical Function in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Kevin C. Jacob, Madhav R. Patel, Max A. Ribot, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael C. Prabhu, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Andrew P. Collins, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2022; 163: e663. CrossRef
Level-specific Perioperative and Clinical Outcome Comparison: Cervical Disk Replacement Versus Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion at C5-C6 in Patients With Myeloradiculopathy Kevin C. Jacob, Madhav R. Patel, Alexander W. Parsons, Michael C. Prabhu, Max A. Ribot, Hanna Pawlowski, Nisheka N. Vanjani, Kern Singh Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2022; 30(17): e1137. CrossRef
The Effect of the Preoperative Severity of Neck Pain on Patient-Reported Outcome Measures and Minimum Clinically Important Difference Achievement After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Madhav R. Patel, Kevin C. Jacob, James W. Nie, Timothy J. Hartman, Nisheka Vanjani, Hanna Pawlowski, Michael Prabhu, Kanhai S. Amin, Kern Singh World Neurosurgery.2022; 165: e337. CrossRef
Preoperative Physical Function Association With Mental Health Improvement After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion James M. Parrish, Nathaniel W. Jenkins, Conor P. Lynch, Elliot D.K. Cha, Thomas S. Brundage, Nadia M. Hrynewycz, Kern Singh Clinical Spine Surgery.2021; 34(10): E559. CrossRef
Efficacy for Whitlockite for Augmenting Spinal Fusion Su Yeon Kwon, Jung Hee Shim, Yu Ha Kim, Chang Su Lim, Seong Bae An, Inbo Han International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2021; 22(23): 12875. CrossRef
First
Prev
