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The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of spondylodiscitis (SD) caused by uncommon pathogens and review the efficacy of the treatment strategy including the coverage by usual empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
Ninety-nine consecutive patients diagnosed and treated for infectious SD between January 2007 to May 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of uncommon SD, predisposing factors, antibiotics sensitivity, and clinical outcome were analyzed in comparison with that of common SD.
Among 99 patients, 68 patients were culture positive. Out of 68 patients with positive culture results, 54 of them(79.4%) were common pathogen and 14 (20.6%) were uncommon pathogen. Postoperative SDs were significantly prevalent in uncommon SD(42.9%) than common SD(27.8%). Recurrence rate was higher in uncommon pathogen SD(14.3%) than common SD group (2.3%), and it showed statistically significant difference (p=0.025). Empirical antibiotics of vancomycin and 3rd or 4th generation cephalosporin covered 100% of nontuberculous common SD and 14.3% of uncommon SD.
In our study, the prevalence of uncommon SD was relatively high uncommon (20.5% of culture positive SD and 14.1% of total cases) and the coverage rate of empirical antibiotics for them were only 14.3%. In particular, the possibility of SD with fun gal, polymicrobial, or multiple drug resistant organism should be considered in SD unresponsive to broad spectrum antibiotics therapy.
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The purpose of our study is to evaluate the success rate and feasibility of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) focusing on transcranial motor evoked potential (TcMEP) monitoring for patients with preoperative motor weakness in spine surgery.
Between November 2011 and December 2013, TcMEP and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring were attempted in 130 consecutive patients undergoing spine surgeries for cervical or thoracic cord lesions. Patients ranged in age from 14 to 81 years (mean±standard deviation, 56.7±14.8 years), and 84 patients were male. The success rates of both SSEP and MEPs monitoring were assessed according to the preoperative Medical Research Council (MRC) and Nurick grades.
TcMEP was recorded successfully in 0%, 28.6%, 72.3%, and 100% of patients with MRC grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. SSEP was obtained from 0%, 37.5%, 21.5%, 61.4%, and 85.4% of patients with MRC grades 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. TcMEP was recorded successfully in 84% of patients with Nurick grades 1-3 and 26% of patients with Nurick grades 4-5. SSEPs were recorded successfully in 76.3% of patients with Nurick grades 1-3 and 24% of patients with grades 4-5.
IONM during spine surgery may be useless in patients with MRC grades 1-2, applicable MRC grade 3, and useful MRC grades 4-5. MRC grade 3 is a critical point of indication for application of MEPs. In unmonitorable cases with MRC grade 3, increasing stimulus intensity or facilitation techniques may be considered to improve the usefulness of TcMEP.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, cause, and influence of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with long-term intravenous antibiotics in patients with pyogenic spondylitis (PS).
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 84 patients with PS who underwent intravenous antibiotic therapy in our hospital from January 2001 to December 2012. ADRs were categorized to drug eruption, acute renal failure (ARF), hematologic toxicity, toxic hepatitis, pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), drug fever, and neuronal toxicity. Incidence and onset time of each ADR after antibiotic therapy were analyzed with the incidence of ADRs according to types of antibiotics.
ADRs occurred in 38 of the 84 patients (incidence: 45.2%). The use of antibiotics was longer in the patients with ADRs (62.7 days) than in the patients without ADRs (44.3 day). The incidence of drug eruption, ARF, hematologic toxicity, toxic hepatitis, PMC, drug fever, and neuronal toxicity were 22.6, 11.9, 11.9, 10.7, 7.1, 3.6%, and 1.2%, respectively. The duration of antibiotics administration was related to the occurrence of PMC (p=0.001). ADRs were more common in patients treated by glycopeptides including vacomycin and teicoplanin.
The incidence of ADRs due to long-term intravenous antibiotics was as high as 45.2% in patients with PS. Therefore, we speculate that the possibility of delayed ADRs should be considered after long-term use of the antibiotics. Furthermore, close observation is mandatory to identify and treat ADRs promptly, even though PS revealed the improvement after antibiotic therapy.
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