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"Worawat Limthongkul"

Review Article

Minimally Invasive Surgery

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Toward a Candidate Endoscopic Spine Surgery Registry Framework: Lessons From Global Spine Registry Models
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):605-624.   Published online July 31, 2026
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Toward a Candidate Endoscopic Spine Surgery Registry Framework: Lessons From Global Spine Registry Models
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):605-624.   Published online July 31, 2026
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Objective
Endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) has expanded rapidly, but existing spine registries do not consistently capture ESS-specific technical variables, ultra-early recovery trajectories, selective imaging validation, or dissemination-related learning-curve effects. This review synthesizes established spine registry models, contemporary consensus initiatives, and digital follow-up approaches to propose a candidate ESS-specific registry framework and preliminary Minimum Data Set (MDS) for future validation.
Methods
A structured narrative review was conducted on national and multinational spine registries, relevant consensus initiatives, and digital follow-up models. Sources were reviewed with emphasis on governance, data architecture, workflow design, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) integration, follow-up structure, data linkage, validation strategies, and implementation feasibility.
Results
Established registries provide a methodological foundation for benchmarking, complication surveillance, longitudinal PROM capture, and real-world evidence generation. However, ESS requires modular augmentation of existing registry infrastructures to capture approach-specific operative details, early recovery, selective imaging phenotypes, and governance-controlled maturity indicators. The proposed candidate MDS is organized into 4 domains: (1) baseline case-mix and phenotyping, (2) procedure-specific technical and perioperative variables, (3) selective quantitative imaging and morphometric validation, and (4) structured longitudinal outcome surveillance. The framework prioritizes an essential core dataset while separating recommended, optional, research-oriented, and governance-controlled modules, including digitally enabled early follow-up, opioid-related outcomes, radiation exposure, advanced imaging, and learning-curve variables.
Conclusion
A candidate ESS-specific registry framework may support harmonized data capture, real-world evidence generation, quality feedback, and future registry-based research. Formal Delphi consensus, multicenter feasibility testing, and staged integration into existing spine registry infrastructures are required before broader implementation.
  • 1,249 View
  • 34 Download

Letter to the Editor

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Response Letter: Reconsidering Intraoperative Hip Positioning in Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion – A Commentary on “Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion”
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):756-757.   Published online July 31, 2026
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Response Letter: Reconsidering Intraoperative Hip Positioning in Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion – A Commentary on “Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion”
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):756-757.   Published online July 31, 2026
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  • 1,126 View
  • 11 Download

Original Article

Basic Science

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Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2026;23(1):216-225.   Published online January 31, 2026
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Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2026;23(1):216-225.   Published online January 31, 2026
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Objective
To quantify the effect of different hip positions on lumbar lordosis (LL) and spinopelvic parameters in the right lateral decubitus position (RLDP) and identify the configuration that most closely replicates physiologic standing alignment during lateral lumbar interbody fusion in minimally invasive spinal surgery.
Methods
Thirty healthy volunteers (15 males, 15 females; mean age, 27.8±8.6 years) underwent lateral lumbar radiographs in standing position and 5 RLDP configurations: neutral hips (NN), 30° flexion of both hips (30FF), 30° flexion of the right hip with left hip neutral (30FN), 60° flexion of both hips (60FF), and 60° flexion of the right hip with left hip neutral (60FN). LL, pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and pelvic incidence (PI) were measured. Each position was compared to standing using paired t-tests. Intra- and interobserver reliability were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).
Results
LL decreased significantly in all RLDP positions compared with standing (51.1°±3.8°). The 30FN position showed the smallest change (ΔLL=-4.9°, p<0.001), whereas 60FF showed the greatest (ΔLL=-15.0°, p<0.001). In 30FN, PT decreased (p=0.013) and SS increased (p=0.003), indicating mild anterior pelvic rotation. PI showed minimal variation across positions. Intra- and interobserver ICCs ranged from 0.92 to 0.99, confirming high measurement reliability.
Conclusion
Hip position significantly influences lumbar and pelvic alignment in RLDP. Among tested configurations, the 30FN position (right hip flexed 30°, left neutral) showed the smallest numerical deviation from standing alignment and spinopelvic harmony relative to standing in RLDP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Reply Letter: Reconsidering Intraoperative Hip Positioning in Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion – A Commentary on “Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion”
    Worawat Limthongkul, Natavut Prasertkul, Pakawas Praisarnti, Maruay Tanayavong, Surachat Jaroenwareekul, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Vit Kotheeranurak
    Neurospine.2026; 23(3): 756.     CrossRef
  • Reconsidering Intraoperative Hip Positioning in Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion – A Commentary on “Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion”
    Jiayi Chen
    Neurospine.2026; 23(3): 754.     CrossRef
  • 4,085 View
  • 99 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref

Commentary

Deformity

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A Commentary on “The Contribution of Paraspinal Sarcopenia on Sagittal Imbalance in Degenerative Kyphosis”
Neurospine. 2025;22(3):692-693.   Published online September 30, 2025
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A Commentary on “The Contribution of Paraspinal Sarcopenia on Sagittal Imbalance in Degenerative Kyphosis”
Neurospine. 2025;22(3):692-693.   Published online September 30, 2025
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Citations

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  • Comprehensive analysis of risk factors for degenerative spinal deformity
    Quankai Wang, Junhui Chu, Weiyu Jiang
    European Journal of Medical Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,436 View
  • 31 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref

Original Articles

Regular Issue

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Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: A Matched-Pair Comparison Analysis
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):1040-1050.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: A Matched-Pair Comparison Analysis
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):1040-1050.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Objective
To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes between 2 motion preservation surgeries, cervical disc replacement (CDR) and posterior endoscopic cervical decompression (PECD), for unilateral cervical radiculopathy.
Methods
Between February 2018 and December 2020, 60 patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy who underwent either CDR or PECD were retrospectively recruited as matched pairs. Clinical outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and satisfaction rates. The radiographic outcome was index level motion. Intraoperative data, complications, and hospital stay were collected. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared.
Results
Patients undergoing CDR or PECD were included, with 30 cases in each group. Matched pairs were compared in terms of demographic data and preoperative measurements. CDR was associated with shorter operative times, whereas PECD resulted in less intraoperative blood loss. The total complication rate was 5%. NDI and VAS for neck and arm were significantly improved in both groups, with no significant differences between the 2 groups. Satisfaction rates of good and excellent exceeded 87% in both groups. CDR was superior to PECD in the restoration of disc height. Early postoperative follow-up showed no significant difference in terms of index level motion. PECD demonstrated significantly shorter hospital stays and quicker return-to-work times (p<0.05).
Conclusion
PECD achieved equivalent clinical and radiologic outcomes compared with CDR when the certain criteria for surgery were met. Both techniques demonstrated the potential to maintain index level motion. Additionally, PECD resulted in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and faster return-to-work times. Conversely, CDR offered shorter operative times and better restoration of disc height.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy for cervicothoracic junction disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled trial
    Huaibin Wang, Hui Li, Rushuo Wei, Hao Yan, Ruzhan Yao, Weiqiang Liu, Ling Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cervical disc arthroplasty versus minimally invasive posterior cervical procedures as motion preserving surgeries for cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jia Yi Loh, Xian Jun Ngoh, Zhihong Chew, Yee Gen Lim, Michael Janssen, Jiang Lei
    European Spine Journal.2026; 35(9): 5272.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of surgical outcomes between posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy and microscope-assisted ACDF in patients with single-level unilateral radicular symptomatology of cervical disc herniation: a single-center retrospective study
    Yin He, Jing Zhang, Dawei Ren, Tianping Xi, Zhilin Li
    European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Sung Tan Cho, Ayush Sharma, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Meng-Huang Wu, Lo Cho Yau, Hyun-Jin Park, Ho-Jin Lee
    Neurospine.2025; 22(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Advancing the future of endoscopic spine surgery
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): IX.     CrossRef
  • 13,378 View
  • 176 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

Special Issue With Global Spine Journal

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Incidence and Risk Factors for Lumbar Sympathetic Chain Injury After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):820-832.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Incidence and Risk Factors for Lumbar Sympathetic Chain Injury After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):820-832.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Objective
Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), performed using a retroperitoneal approach, can lead to complications related to the approach, such as lumbar sympathetic chain injury (LSCI). Although LSCI is a common complication of OLIF, its reported incidence varies across studies due to an absence of specific diagnostic criteria. Moreover, research on the risk factors of postoperative sympathetic chain injuries after OLIF remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the incidence, and identify independent risk factors for LSCI, in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases who underwent OLIF.
Methods
Between October 2020 and August 2023, a retrospective review was conducted at our institute on 200 patients who underwent OLIF at 1 to 4 consecutive spinal levels (L1–5) for degenerative spinal diseases including spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, degenerative scoliosis. We excluded those with infections, trauma, tumors, and lower extremity edema/warmth due to other causes. The patients were categorized into 2 groups: those with and without LSCI symptoms. Demographic data, operative data, and pre- and postoperative parameters were evaluated for their association with LSCI using a univariate logistic regression model. Variables with a p-value <0.1 in the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate model to identify the independent risk factors.
Results
Thirty-five of 200 patients (17.5%) developed LSCI symptoms after OLIF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that prolonged retraction time, particularly exceeding 31.5 miniutes, remained an independent risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 12.59; p<0.001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrated that prolonged retraction time was an independent risk factor for LSCI following OLIF, particularly when it exceeded 31.5 minutes. Protecting the lumbar sympathetic chain during surgery and minimizing retraction time are crucial to avoiding LSCI following OLIF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Chirurgisches Management benigner paravertebraler Tumoren – Fallserie und Literaturübersicht
    Moritz Thiel, Osama Ali, Karsten Wiebe, Walter Stummer, Michael Schwake
    Zentralblatt für Chirurgie - Zeitschrift für Allgemeine, Viszeral-, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie.2026; 151(03): 300.     CrossRef
  • Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
    Worawat Limthongkul, Natavut Prasertkul, Pakawas Praisarnti, Maruay Tanayavong, Surachat Jaroenwareekul, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Vit Kotheeranurak
    Neurospine.2026; 23(1): 216.     CrossRef
  • Technical Feasibility and Early Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Large-Footprint Cage via Tubular Approach: A Novel Surgical Technique
    Ayush Sharma, Shubham Kadam, Nandan Marathe, Avi Rangala, Sourav L. Das, Ajit Rampure
    Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of O-arm navigation-assisted OLIF 360 versus traditional OLIF combined with Mazor Renaissance robot-assisted posterior fixation for single-level lumbar spondylolisthesis: clinical and radiographic outcomes
    Yuanrun Wei, Haixin Wei, Lei Li, Wenhao Zhao, Hao Zhang, Xuexiao Ma, Yan Wang
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in the mechanisms and nursing strategies for sympathetic abdominal distension following oblique lateral interbody fusion
    Pingyao Yu, Huiyun Chen, Limei. Du, Huanping. Zhu, Xueping Wang, Xiaoming. Qiu
    Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery.2026; 46: 102390.     CrossRef
  • Association of weight change with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in obese participants with cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study
    Jufen Zhang, Rudolph Schutte, Barbara Pierscionek
    Heart.2025; 111(10): 454.     CrossRef
  • Anterior-to-psoas OLIF: Surgical approach, issues & technical nuances
    Stjepan Ivandić, Jure Pavešić, Stipe Ćorluka, Tomislav Čengić
    Seminars in Spine Surgery.2025; 37(1): 101159.     CrossRef
  • Incidence and Risk Factors of Postoperative Ileus in Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Surgery: A Retrospective Study
    Young-Seok Lee, Myeong Jin Ko, Seung Won Park
    Neurospine.2025; 22(1): 222.     CrossRef
  • Complications of anterior-to-psoas and their avoidance and treatment
    Chang Hwa Ham, Woo-Keun Kwon, Joo Han Kim
    Seminars in Spine Surgery.2025; 37(1): 101161.     CrossRef
  • 6,882 View
  • 173 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 9 Crossref

Special Issue With Global Spine Journal

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Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Outcomes Requiring Additional Intervention Following Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):845-855.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Outcomes Requiring Additional Intervention Following Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):845-855.   Published online September 30, 2024
Close
Objective
Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is a minimally invasive procedure for stabilizing the spine and indirectly decompressing the neural elements. There is sparse data on unsatisfactory outcomes that require additional interventions (surgery or intervention) after OLIF. This study aimed to identify the causes, and risk factors of these reintervention.
Methods
This was a single-center retrospective study of the patients who underwent the OLIF procedure from June 2016 to March 2023. Several clinical and radiographic parameters were studied. We also analyzed associations between several potential risk factors and the reintervention following OLIF.
Results
A total of 231 patients were included. Over an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, 28 patients (12.1%) required a reintervention. Adjacent segment disease (ASD) was the most common cause of reintervention. The risk factors associated with reintervention were previous surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–16.33; p=0.02) and high preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; p=0.03). Although increasing the duration of follow-up was not statistically significant, the 95% CI was consistent with an increased risk of reintervention with longer follow-up (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94–1.50).
Conclusion
This study showed that patients with prior lumbar surgery and high preoperative ODI scores were more likely to require additional intervention after the OLIF procedure. In addition, an increasing duration of follow-up was associated with an increased risk of reintervention. The most common reason for reintervention was ASD after OLIF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The iLLIF score: a predictive success scoring system for indirect decompression in lateral lumbar interbody fusion
    Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Narat Virojanawat, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Surachat Jaroenwareekul, Worawat Limthongkul, Vit Kotheeranurak, Weerasak Singhatanadgige
    European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Contralateral Nerve Root Injuries After Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention
    Jun Seok Lee, Su Hun Lee, Dong Wuk Son, Chi Hyung Lee, Chang Hyeun Kim, Soon Ki Sung, Sang Weon Lee
    World Neurosurgery.2026; 215: 125326.     CrossRef
  • Three Cases of Indirect Decompression Failure Following Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Requiring Early Direct Posterior Decompression: Analysis of Etiologies and Literature Review
    Satoshi Hattori, Satoru Matsutani
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,903 View
  • 112 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref

Regular Issue

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Is Direct Decompression Necessary for Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)? A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Direct and Indirect Decompression With LLIF in Selected Patients
Neurospine. 2024;21(1):342-351.   Published online March 31, 2024
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Is Direct Decompression Necessary for Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)? A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Direct and Indirect Decompression With LLIF in Selected Patients
Neurospine. 2024;21(1):342-351.   Published online March 31, 2024
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Objective
To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) between direct and indirect decompression in the treatment of patients with degenerative lumbar diseases.
Methods
Patients who underwent single-level LLIF were randomized into 2 groups: direct decompression (group D) and indirect decompression (group I). Clinical outcomes including the Oswestry Disability index and visual analogue scale of back and leg pain were collected. Radiographic outcomes including cross-sectional area (CSA) of thecal sac, disc height, foraminal height, foraminal area, fusion rate, segmental, and lumbar lordosis were measured.
Results
Twenty-eight patients who met the inclusion criteria were eligible for the analysis, with a distribution of 14 subjects in each group. The average age was 66.1 years. Postoperatively, significant improvements were observed in all clinical parameters. However, these improvements did not show significant difference between both groups at all follow-up periods. All radiographic outcomes were not different between both groups, except for the increase in CSA which was significantly greater in group D (77.73 ± 20.26 mm2 vs. 54.32 ± 35.70 mm2, p = 0.042). Group I demonstrated significantly lower blood loss (68.13 ± 32.06 mL vs. 210.00 ± 110.05 mL, p < 0.005), as well as shorter operative time (136.35 ± 28.07 minutes vs. 182.18 ± 42.67 minutes, p = 0.002). Overall complication rate was not different.
Conclusion
Indirect decompression through LLIF results in comparable clinical improvement to LLIF with additional direct decompression over 1-year follow-up period. These findings suggest that, for an appropriate candidate, direct decompression in LLIF might not be necessary since the ligamentotaxis effect achieved through indirect decompression appears sufficient to relieve symptoms while diminishing blood loss and operative time.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Is Congenital Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis a Contraindication for Indirect Decompression by Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF)?
    Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Thada Nashinoros, Teerachat Tanasansomboon, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Vit Kotheeranurak, Worawat Limthongkul
    Global Spine Journal.2026; 16(5): 2117.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Hounsfield Units in Predicting Cage Subsidence After Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Chen Zhang, Zachary Chu, Jonathan Boey, Reuben Chee Cheong Soh
    World Neurosurgery.2026; 208: 124836.     CrossRef
  • Mid-term effects of posterior versus oblique lumbar interbody fusion on spinopelvic alignment and clinical outcomes in lumbar spinal stenosis: a retrospective comparative cohort study
    Haixu Wang, Wei Du, Li Zhang, Xiaoping Wang, Rong Chen, Lanchun Ren, Yue Zheng, Zhe Lin, Zhiyong Hou
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The iLLIF score: a predictive success scoring system for indirect decompression in lateral lumbar interbody fusion
    Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Narat Virojanawat, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Surachat Jaroenwareekul, Worawat Limthongkul, Vit Kotheeranurak, Weerasak Singhatanadgige
    European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting outcomes of indirect decompression after oblique and lateral lumbar interbody fusions
    Kyle M M Behrens, Hossein Elgafy
    World Journal of Orthopedics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A systematic review of biportal endoscopic spinal surgery with interbody fusion
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Ho-Jin Lee, Sang Bum Kim, Sang-Min Park, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Hyun-Jin Park
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 275.     CrossRef
  • 6,870 View
  • 203 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref

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An Expanded Surgical Corridor of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion at L4–5: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1450-1456.   Published online December 31, 2023
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An Expanded Surgical Corridor of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion at L4–5: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1450-1456.   Published online December 31, 2023
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Objective
We introduced a new preoperative method, the “expanded surgical corridor,” to evaluate the actual safety corridor, which may expand the possibility of performing oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF).
Methods
Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance images at the L4–5 disc level of 511 lumbar degenerative disease patients was evaluated. The distance between the medial edge of the left-sided psoas muscle and the major artery was measured as the conventional surgical corridor (CSc). The distance between the major vein and lumbar plexus was measured as the expanded surgical corridor (ESc).
Results
The mean CSc and ESc were 13.9 ± 8.20 and 37.43 ± 10.1 mm, respectively. No surgical corridor was found in 7.05% of CSc and 1.76% of ESc, small corridor ( ≤ 1 cm) was found in 27.40% of CSc and 0.59% of ESc, moderate corridor (1–2 cm) was found in 42.07% of CSc and 1.96% of ESc, and large corridor ( > 2 cm) was found in 23.48% of CSc and 95.69% of ESc. A total of 33.83% (45 of 133) of whom were preoperatively categorized as having a limited surgical corridor by conventional measurement, underwent OLIF L4–5 successfully.
Conclusion
By using the ESc, only 2.35% were categorized as having a limited surgical corridor. The other 97.65% of the patients had an approachable corridor that could be successfully operated by experienced spine surgeons who employ meticulous surgical dissection and thorough understanding of the anatomical structures. The ESc may represent true accessibility to the disc space for OLIF, particularly at the L4–5 level.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Optimal Positioning for Single-Position Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
    Worawat Limthongkul, Natavut Prasertkul, Pakawas Praisarnti, Maruay Tanayavong, Surachat Jaroenwareekul, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Vit Kotheeranurak
    Neurospine.2026; 23(1): 216.     CrossRef
  • Advantages of a new improved oblique Retractor in oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective study
    Jun Mo, Siping Zhang, Zhanjun Ma, Jianjiang Li, Yifei Huang
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ibero-Latin American Consensus on Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion (L2-L5): A Modified Delphi Study
    Federico Landriel, Alderico Girão Campos de Barros, Rubén Alejandro Morales Ciancio, Alfonso Vega, Alisson R. Teles, Álvaro Silva González, Carlos Abraham Arellanes-Chávez, David Suárez-Fernández, Gerd Bordon, Javier Gutierrez, José Augusto Malheiros, Jua
    World Neurosurgery.2025; 203: 124490.     CrossRef
  • Comparison of midterm outcomes between biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and oblique lumbar interbody fusion with lateral vertebral body screw fixation for single level spondylolisthesis
    Fu-Cheng Kao, Shih-Feng Hung, Yu-Pao Hsu, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Hung-Kang Wu, Ming-Te Cheng, Kuang-Kai Hsueh, Po-Yuan Lin, Ching-Hsiao Yu
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Psoas Muscle Morphology
    Arash Emami, George Abdelmalek, Iciar Davila, Stuart Changoor, Neil Patel, Daniel Coban, Nikhil Sahai, Kumar Sinha, Ki Hwang
    Spine.2024; 49(24): E418.     CrossRef
  • 7,189 View
  • 213 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

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Successful Criteria for Indirect Decompression With Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2022;19(3):805-815.   Published online August 10, 2022
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Successful Criteria for Indirect Decompression With Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2022;19(3):805-815.   Published online August 10, 2022
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Objective
No consensus criteria have been established regarding ideal candidates for indirect decompression with lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), and contributing factors of indirect decompression failure were rarely reported. We aim to investigate the success rate of indirect decompression by LLIF with proposed selection criteria and identify risk factors associated with indirect decompression failure, defined as persistent pain requiring revision with direct decompression.
Methods
Data from 191 patients undergoing LLIF were retrospectively reviewed. All the following criteria must be fulfilled: (1) dynamic clinical symptoms (pain relief in supine position), (2) presence of reducible disc height (recovered disc height in supine position), (3) no profound weakness, and (4) no static stenosis. The success rate of indirect decompression with LLIF and results after at least 1 year of follow-up were collected. Preoperative, procedure-related, and postoperative factors were assessed for their relationship with failure.
Results
Of 191 patients,13 patients (6.8%) required additional direct decompression due to persistent pain, giving a criteria success rate of 93.2%. Factors associated with indirect decompression failure included low bone mineral density (T-score < 2.1), low reducible disc height (<13%), low postoperative disc height (< 10 mm), high-grade cage subsidence, and use of plate fixation.
Conclusion
We proposed patient selection criteria for indirect decompression with LLIF which had a satisfactory success rate and identified factors associated with the need for additional direct decompression. Our proposed criteria may assist selection of patients likely to achieve good results following indirect decompression with LLIF, and optimize selection based on risk factors of failure.

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