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"Accuracy"

Original Article

Special Issue on AI & Robotics

A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study Comparing 3 Different Spine Pedicle Screw Fixation Methods: Freehand, Fluoroscopy-Guided, and Robot-Assisted Techniques
Yoon Ha Hwang, Byeong-Jin Ha, Hyung Cheol Kim, Byung Ho Lee, Jeong-Yoon Park, Dong-Kyu Chin, Seong Yi
Neurospine 2024;21(1):83-94.   Published online March 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448036.018

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A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study Comparing 3 Different Spine Pedicle Screw Fixation Methods: Freehand, Fluoroscopy-Guided, and Robot-Assisted Techniques
Neurospine. 2024;21(1):83-94.   Published online March 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448036.018
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A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study Comparing 3 Different Spine Pedicle Screw Fixation Methods: Freehand, Fluoroscopy-Guided, and Robot-Assisted Techniques
Neurospine. 2024;21(1):83-94.   Published online March 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448036.018
Close
Objective
This study aimed to compare the accuracy of robotic spine surgery and conventional pedicle screw fixation in lumbar degenerative disease. We evaluated clinical and radiological outcomes to demonstrate the noninferiority of robotic surgery.
Methods
This study employed propensity score matching and included 3 groups: robot-assisted mini-open posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) (robotic surgery, RS), c-arm guided minimally invasive surgery transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (C-arm guidance, CG), and freehand open PLIF (free of guidance, FG) (54 patients each). The mean follow-up period was 2.2 years. The preoperative spine condition was considered. Accuracy was evaluated using the Gertzbein-Robbins scale (GRS score) and Babu classification (Babu score). Radiological outcomes included adjacent segmental disease (ASD) and mechanical failure. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on the visual analogue scale, Oswestry Disability Index, 36-item Short Form health survey, and clinical ASD rate.
Results
Accuracy was higher in the RS group (p < 0.01) than in other groups. The GRS score was lower in the CG group, whereas the Babu score was lower in the FG group compared with the RS group. No significant differences were observed in radiological and clinical outcomes among the 3 groups. Regression analysis identified preoperative facet degeneration, GRS and Babu scores as significant variables for radiological and clinical ASD. Mechanical failure was influenced by the GRS score and patients’ age.
Conclusion
This study showed the superior accuracy of robotic spine surgery compared with conventional techniques. When combined with minimally invasive surgery, robotic surgery is advantageous with reduced ligament and muscle damage associated with traditional open procedures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Biomechanical stability and pedicle screw loosening
    Chenxi Cui, Haisheng Yang
    Journal of Biomechanics.2026; 197: 113174.     CrossRef
  • L-Point Entry, Juxtapedicular, and Endplate-Parallel Trajectory (L-JET) Screw Fixation: A Novel Technique in Thoracic Spinal Tumor Surgery
    Seunghoon Lee, Young Rak Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Jungbo Sim, Woojin Kim, Ho Sung Myeong, Hangeul Park, Jun-Hoe Kim, Chi Heon Kim
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(1): 6.     CrossRef
  • Biomechanical Impact of Cement Augmentation on Pedicle Screw Fixation and Adjacent Segment Disease in Multilevel Lumbar Fusion: A Finite Element Analysis
    Min-Young Jo, Sung-Jae Lee, Je-Hoon An, Young-Hoon Kim, Jun-Seok Lee, Hyung-Youl Park
    Neurospine.2025; 22(3): 763.     CrossRef
  • Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Insertion in Pediatric Spine Surgery: An Institutional Experience and Meta-Analysis
    Taha Khalilullah, Abdul Karim Ghaith, Xinlan Yang, Linda Tang, Shaan Bhandarkar, Meghana Bhimreddy, Arjun D. Menta, Daniel Davidar, Andrew Hersh, Carly Weber-Levine, Kelly Jiang, Patrick Kramer, Ritvik Jillala, Maria Jennings, Jawad M. Khalifeh, Tej D. Az
    Operative Neurosurgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • From the Editor-in-Chief: Featured Articles in the March 2024 Issue
    Inbo Han
    Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Commentary on “A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study Comparing 3 Different Spine Pedicle Screw Fixation Methods: Freehand, Fluoroscopy-Guided, and Robot-Assisted Techniques”
    Jacob Yoong-Leong Oh
    Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 95.     CrossRef
  • 8,916 View
  • 170 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref

Review Article

Spine Surgical Robotics: Current Status and Recent Clinical Applications
Jiangtao Wang, Junxian Miao, Yi Zhan, Yongchao Duan, Yuanshun Wang, Dingjun Hao, Biao Wang
Neurospine 2023;20(4):1256-1271.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346610.305

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Spine Surgical Robotics: Current Status and Recent Clinical Applications
Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1256-1271.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346610.305
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Spine Surgical Robotics: Current Status and Recent Clinical Applications
Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1256-1271.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346610.305
Close
With the development of artificial intelligence and the further deepening of medical-engineering integration, spine surgical robot-assisted (RA) technique has made significant progress and its applicability in clinical practice is constantly expanding in recent years. In this review, we have systematically summarized the majority of literature related to spine surgical robots in the past decade, and not only classified robots accordingly, but also summarized the latest research progress in RA technique for screw placement such as cervical, thoracic, and lumbar pedicle screws, cortical bone trajectory screws, cervical lateral mass screws, and S2 sacroiliac screws; guiding targeted puncture and placement of endoscope via the intervertebral foramen; complete resection of spinal tumor tissue; and decompressive laminectomy. In addition, this report also provides a detailed evaluation of RA technique’s advantages and disadvantages, and clarifies the accuracy, safety, and practicality of RA technique. We consider that this review can help clinical physicians further understand and familiarize the current clinical application status of spine surgical robots, thereby promoting the continuous improvement and popularization of RA technique, and ultimately benefiting numerous patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • A decade of progress in orthopaedic telesurgery from concept to clinical feasibility: an evidence based review of robotics, latency science, digital ecosystems, and future remote surgical practice
    Gaurav Jha, Tharshan Sivakanthan, Gagandeep Mahi, Amit Bishnoi
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extended uses of robots in spine surgery beyond thoracolumbar pedicle screws: A narrative review
    Vidyadhara Srinivasa, Abhishek Soni, Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Prabhu Krishnan
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Robot-assisted versus conventional fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pediculoplasty for symptomatic chronic thoracic and lumbar osteoporotic vertebral fracture without neurological deficits
    Xinliang Zhang, Huiming Yang, Jiangtao Wang, Liang Yan, Junxian Miao, Guanying Li, Dingjun Hao, Biao Wang
    BMC Geriatrics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mechanized precision: the rise of robotic systems in spinal surgery
    Vicron Mickelet, Ayla Yagdiran, Mohamad Agha Mahmoud, Maher Ghandour, Filip Milicevic, Koroush Kabir, Ümit Mert
    Die Orthopädie.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Robot-Assisted Spine Surgery: The Pearls and Pitfalls
    Nathan J. Lee, Joseph M. Lombardi, Sheeraz Qureshi, Ronald A. Lehman
    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2025; 33(2): e81.     CrossRef
  • Design and Accuracy Assessment of NOR²CORS: Navigation-Operation Dual-Robot Collaborative Robotic System for Orthopedic Surgery
    Pengxiu Geng, Mengde Luo, Jianpeng Liu, Tianyao Li, Hongpeng Wang, Yanding Qin, Jianda Han
    IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics.2025; 7(2): 502.     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic Decompression Combined With Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation for AOSpine A3 or A4 Thoracolumbar Fractures With Neurological Deficits: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Huiming Yang, Junxian Miao, Jiangtao Wang, Dan Han, Yuhang Wang, Liang Yan, Biao Wang, Dingjun Hao
    Neurospine.2025; 22(2): 571.     CrossRef
  • The application of robotic and artificial intelligence technologies in spinal surgery: a review focused on prospects in remote areas of China
    Zhibin Liu, Junlong Huang, Hao Zhang, Shuzhuo Zhang, Honghao Dai, Yuexin Jiang, Hongtao Bi, Zhongshu Shan
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Intelligence Architectures and Machine Learning Applications in Contemporary Spine Care
    Rahul Kumar, Conor Dougherty, Kyle Sporn, Akshay Khanna, Puja Ravi, Pranay Prabhakar, Nasif Zaman
    Bioengineering.2025; 12(9): 967.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence in the context of the surgical treatment of scoliosis in adults, with an emphasis on applications, outcomes, and ethical implications: A systematic review
    Jheremy Sebastian Reyes-Barreto, María Alejandra Rodríguez-Brilla
    Revista Colombiana de Ortopedia y Traumatología.2025; 39: e542.     CrossRef
  • Design of a Patient-Specific Needle Insertion Device for Accurate and Safe Lumbar Puncture
    Wenbo Jia, Teng Wang, Baohua Zhao, Wenzhuo Huang, Yuzhou Duan, Zuoqing Yu, Jie Ling
    Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A comparative analysis of three distinct approaches for the management of type A1 traumatic thoracolumbar fractures: a retrospective cohort study with a minimum 6-year follow-up
    Jiangtao Wang, Huiming Yang, Mario Ganau, Yuhang Wang, Junxian Miao, Liang Yan, Biao Wang
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of inaccurate screw placement in robotic spine surgeries: why do robots make error and how to avoid them?
    S. Vidyadhara, R Dinesh Iyer, Abhishek Soni, T. Balamurugan, Dhiyanesh Krishnamurthy
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Robotic versus conventional single-level lumbar fusion in frail older adults: analysis of the National Readmission Database, 2016–2020
    Po-Wen Chen, Tsung-Hsi Yang, Tao-Chieh Yang, Se-Yi Chen
    Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of a software system for surgical robots based on multimodal image fusion: study protocol
    Shuo Yuan, Ruiyuan Chen, Lei Zang, Aobo Wang, Ning Fan, Peng Du, Yu Xi, Tianyi Wang
    Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the Status and Promising Potential of Robotic Spinal Surgery Systems
    Xiang Li, Jiasheng Chen, Ben Wang, Xiao Liu, Shuai Jiang, Zhuofu Li, Weishi Li, Zihe Li, Feng Wei
    Orthopaedic Surgery.2024; 16(11): 2620.     CrossRef
  • 8,829 View
  • 252 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 16 Crossref

Original Articles

Three-Dimensional Quantitative Assessment of Pedicle Screw Accuracy in Clinical Utilization of a New Robotic System in Spine Surgery: A Multicenter Study
Byeong-Jin Ha, Jong-Min Lee, Seon-Jin Yoon, Byung-Kwan Kim, Junseok Lee, Suhun Lee, Seungjae Ryu, Yongyeob Cha, Sungteac Hwang, Donggi Woo, Chang Kyu Lee, Dong Ah Shin, Yoon Ha, Sung Uk Kuh, Keung Nyun Kim, Dongwuk Son, Seong Yi
Neurospine 2023;20(3):1028-1039.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346552.276

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Three-Dimensional Quantitative Assessment of Pedicle Screw Accuracy in Clinical Utilization of a New Robotic System in Spine Surgery: A Multicenter Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):1028-1039.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346552.276
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Three-Dimensional Quantitative Assessment of Pedicle Screw Accuracy in Clinical Utilization of a New Robotic System in Spine Surgery: A Multicenter Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):1028-1039.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346552.276
Close
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of pedicle screw placement in patients undergoing percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with robotic guidance, using a newly developed 3-dimensional quantitative measurement system. The study also aimed to assess the clinical feasibility of the robotic system in the field of spinal surgery.
Methods
A total of 113 patients underwent pedicle screw insertion using the CUVIS-spine pedicle screw guide system (CUREXO Inc.). Intraoperative O-arm images were obtained, and screw insertion pathways were planned accordingly. Image registration was performed using paired-point registration and iterative closest point methods. The accuracy of the robotic-guided pedicle screw insertion was assessed using 3-dimensional offset calculation and the Gertzbein-Robbins system (GRS).
Results
A total of 448 screws were inserted in the 113 patients. The image registration success rate was 95.16%. The average error of entry offset was 2.86 mm, target offset was 2.48 mm, depth offset was 1.99 mm, and angular offset was 3.07°. According to the GRS grading system, 88.39% of the screws were classified as grade A, 9.60% as grade B, 1.56% as grade C, 0.22% as grade D, and 0.22% as grade E. Clinically acceptable screws (GRS grade A or B) accounted for 97.54% of the total, with no reported neurologic complications.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that pedicle screw insertion using the novel robot-assisted navigation method is both accurate and safe. Further prospective studies are necessary to explore the potential benefits of this robot-assisted technique in comparison to conventional approaches.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Evaluation of pedicle screw accuracy and deviation from preoperative planning in intraoperative Cone-Beam Computed Tomography-Navigated lumbar spinal fusion: a prospective study
    Gianluca Vadalà, Giuseppe Francesco Papalia, Niccolò Nardi, Fabrizio Russo, Luca Ambrosio, Girolamo Maltese, Rocco Papalia, Vincenzo Denaro
    Brain and Spine.2026; 6: 105988.     CrossRef
  • Combining Engineering Precision with Clinical Relevance: A Novel Dual Framework for Assessing Pedicle Screw Accuracy in Spine Surgery
    Arnaud Delafontaine, Olivier Cartiaux, Bernard G. Francq, Virginie Cordemans
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2026; 15(6): 2328.     CrossRef
  • Robotic Spine Surgery: Systematic Review of Common Error Types and Best Practices
    Diwas Gautam, Sheela Vivekanandan, Marcus D. Mazur
    Operative Neurosurgery.2025; 28(3): 295.     CrossRef
  • Advancements in robotic-assisted spine surgery: A literature review and technology comparison
    Jonathan Hammond, Stefano Priola
    Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery.2025; 40: 102056.     CrossRef
  • Robotic-Guided Spine Surgery: Implementation of a System in Routine Clinical Practice—An Update
    Mirza Pojskić, Miriam Bopp, Omar Alwakaa, Christopher Nimsky, Benjamin Saß
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4463.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating accuracy in robotic-assisted thoracolumbar pedicle screw placement: Insights from a single-center study of 410 patients
    Abhishek Soni, Vidyadhara Srinivasa, Akhil Xavier Joseph, Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Alia Vidyadhara
    Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine.2025; 16(4): 408.     CrossRef
  • Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery: Role in Training the Next Generation of Spine Surgeons
    Jun Seok Lee, Dong Wuk Son, Su Hun Lee, Jong Hyeok Lee, Young Ha Kim, Sang Weon Lee, Bu Kwang Oh, Soon Ki Sung, Geun Sung Song, Seong Yi
    Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 116.     CrossRef
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Robotics Started When Human Capability Reached Limit, Human Creativity Begin Again When the Capability of AI-Robotics Reaches a Plateau
    Seong Yi
    Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Navigation-Guided/Robot-Assisted Spinal Surgery: A Review Article
    Young-Seok Lee, Dae-Chul Cho, Kyoung-Tae Kim
    Neurospine.2024; 21(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Fully automated determination of robotic pedicle screw accuracy and precision utilizing computer vision algorithms
    Benjamin N. Groisser, Ankush Thakur, Howard J. Hillstrom, Akshitha Adhiyaman, Colson Zucker, Jerry Du, Matthew Cunningham, M. Timothy Hresko, Ram Haddas, John Blanco, Hollis G. Potter, Douglas N. Mintz, Ryan E. Breighner, Jessica H. Heyer, Roger F. Widman
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 9,664 View
  • 228 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws
Pratyush Shahi, Omri Maayan, Daniel Shinn, Sidhant Dalal, Junho Song, Kasra Araghi, Dimitra Melissaridou, Avani Vaishnav, Karim Shafi, Yuri Pompeu, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, Sravisht Iyer, Sheeraz A. Qureshi
Neurospine 2023;20(2):577-586.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346070.035

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Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws
Neurospine. 2023;20(2):577-586.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346070.035
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
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Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws
Neurospine. 2023;20(2):577-586.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346070.035
Close
Objective
To analyze the usage of floor-mounted robot in minimally invasive lumbar fusion.
Methods
Patients who underwent minimally invasive lumbar fusion for degenerative pathology using floor-mounted robot (ExcelsiusGPS) were included. Pedicle screw accuracy, proximal level violation rate, pedicle screw size, screw-related complications, and robot abandonment rate were analyzed.
Results
Two hundred twenty-nine patients were included. Most surgeries were primary single-level fusion. Sixty-five percent of surgeries had intraoperative computed tomography (CT) workflow, 35% had preoperative CT workflow. Sixty-six percent were transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, 16% were lateral, 8% were anterior, and 10% were a combined approach. A total of 1,050 screws were placed with robotic assistance (85% in prone position, 15% in lateral position). Postoperative CT scan was available for 80 patients (419 screws). Overall pedicle screw accuracy rate was 96.4% (prone, 96.7%; lateral, 94.2%; primary, 96.7%; revision, 95.3%). Overall poor screw placement rate was 2.8% (prone, 2.7%; lateral, 3.8%; primary, 2.7%; revision, 3.5%). Overall proximal facet and endplate violation rates were 0.4% and 0.9%. Average diameter and length of pedicle screws were 7.1 mm and 47.7 mm. Screw revision had to be done for 1 screw (0.1%). Use of the robot had to be aborted in 2 cases (0.8%).
Conclusion
Usage of floor-mounted robotics for the placement of lumbar pedicle screws leads to excellent accuracy, large screw size, and negligible screw-related complications. It does so for screw placement in prone/lateral position and primary/revision surgery alike with negligible robot abandonment rates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Response to the letter to the editor: Beyond fixation: computational and motion-integrated perspectives on pinless robot-assisted spine surgery
    Abhishek Soni, Vidyadhara Srinivasa, Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Madhava Pai Kanhangad, Akhil Xavier Joseph
    Asian Spine Journal.2026; 20(1): 216.     CrossRef
  • Temporal Trends of Improvement After Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
    Pratyush Shahi, Tejas Subramanian, Olivia Tuma, Sumedha Singh, Kasra Araghi, Tomoyuki Asada, Maximilian Korsun, Nishtha Singh, Chad Simon, Avani Vaishnav, Eric Mai, Joshua Zhang, Cole Kwas, Myles Allen, Eric Kim, Annika Heuer, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, S
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    Víctor Rodríguez-Domínguez, Jorge Bedia Cadelo, Javier Giner García, María Luisa Gandía González, Catalina Vivancos Sánchez, Alberto Isla Guerrero
    Neurocirugía (English Edition).2025; 36(3): 169.     CrossRef
  • Cirugía robótica de columna vertebral: nota técnica y análisis descriptivo de los primeros 40 casos
    Víctor Rodríguez-Domínguez, Jorge Bedia Cadelo, Javier Giner García, María Luisa Gandía González, Catalina Vivancos Sánchez, Alberto Isla Guerrero
    Neurocirugía.2025; 36(3): 169.     CrossRef
  • Beyond Pedicle Screw Placement: Future Minimally Invasive Applications of Robotics in Spine Surgery
    Meghana Bhimreddy, Arjun K. Menta, Antony A. Fuleihan, A. Daniel Davidar, Patrick Kramer, Ritvik Jillala, Mustafa Najeed, Xihang Wang, Nicholas Theodore
    Neurosurgery.2025; 96(3S): S94.     CrossRef
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    Esteban Quiceno, Mohamed A. R. Soliman, Asham Khan, Jeffrey P. Mullin, John Pollina
    Neurosurgery.2025; 96(3S): S84.     CrossRef
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    Pratyush Shahi, Tejas Subramanian, Kasra Araghi, Maximilian K. Korsun, Sumedha Singh, Nishtha Singh, Olivia C. Tuma, Tomoyuki Asada, Annika Bay, Eric R. Zhao, Adin M. Ehrlich, Sereen Halayqeh, Tarek Harhash, Andrea Pezzi, Adrian Lui, Evan D. Sheha, James
    The Spine Journal.2025; 25(9): 1985.     CrossRef
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    Gianluca Galieri, Vittorio Orlando, Roberto Altieri, Manlio Barbarisi, Alessandro Olivi, Giovanni Sabatino, Giuseppe La Rocca
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(10): 3390.     CrossRef
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    Ting Li, Jingxin Yan, Jin Li, Yuanting Shang, Xiaoyu Tang
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Conor McNamee, Jake Michael McDonnell, David Kelly, Harry Marland, Stacey Darwish, Joseph Simon Butler
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    Abhishek Soni, Vidyadhara Srinivasa, Akhil Xavier Joseph, Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Alia Vidyadhara
    Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine.2025; 16(4): 408.     CrossRef
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    Pratyush Shahi, Tejas Subramanian, Sumedha Singh, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, Sheeraz A. Qureshi, Sravisht Iyer
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    Tomoyuki Asada, Tejas Subramanian, Chad Z. Simon, Nishtha Singh, Takashi Hirase, Kasra Araghi, Amy Z. Lu, Eric Mai, Yeo Eun Kim, Olivia Tuma, Myles R J Allen, Eric Kim, Maximilian Korsun, Joshua Zhang, Cole Kwas, James Dowdell, Sravisht Iyer, Sheeraz A. Q
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    John Preston Wilson, Lane Fontenot, Caleb Stewart, Deepak Kumbhare, Bharat Guthikonda, Stanley Hoang
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(7): 2036.     CrossRef
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    Klaus Mieth Alviar, Guillermo Bonilla, Mathias Bostrom, Alberto Carli, Matthew Cunningham, Claire D. Eliasberg, Adolfo Llinás, Jorge Rojas Liévano, Catherine Maclean, William M. Ricci, Laura Robbins
    HSS Journal®: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery.2024; 20(4): 616.     CrossRef
  • Clinical study on freehand of bicortical sacral screw fixation with the assistance of torque measurement device
    Guozheng Jiang, Luchun Xu, Yukun Ma, Jianbin Guan, Ningning Feng, Ziye Qiu, Shibo Zhou, Wenhao Li, Yongdong Yang, Yi Qu, He Zhao, Zeyu Li, Xing Yu
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Fully automated determination of robotic pedicle screw accuracy and precision utilizing computer vision algorithms
    Benjamin N. Groisser, Ankush Thakur, Howard J. Hillstrom, Akshitha Adhiyaman, Colson Zucker, Jerry Du, Matthew Cunningham, M. Timothy Hresko, Ram Haddas, John Blanco, Hollis G. Potter, Douglas N. Mintz, Ryan E. Breighner, Jessica H. Heyer, Roger F. Widman
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Revised in-depth meta-analysis on the efficacy of robot-assisted versus traditional free-hand pedicle screw insertion
    Sorayouth Chumnanvej, Branesh M. Pillai, Jackrit Suthakorn, Siriluk Chumnanvej
    Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery.2024; 7(4): 155.     CrossRef
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    Avani Vaishnav, Sheeraz Qureshi
    Seminars in Spine Surgery.2024; 36(3): 101120.     CrossRef
  • Advancing the Adoption of Robot-Assisted Surgery as the Routine Minimally Invasive Approach in Spinal Procedures: Commentary on “Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws”
    Lu-Ping Zhou, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen
    Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 1088.     CrossRef
  • 8,615 View
  • 172 Download
  • 21 Web of Science
  • 20 Crossref
Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement
Lu-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Dui Li, Shu Fang, Rui Sheng, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen
Neurospine 2023;20(1):329-339.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244952.476

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Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):329-339.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244952.476
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Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):329-339.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244952.476
Close
Objective
Robot-assisted (RA) techniques have been widely investigated in thoracolumbar spine surgery. However, the application of RA methods on cervical spine surgery is rare due to the complex morphology of cervical vertebrae and catastrophic complications. Thus, the feasibility and safety of RA cervical screw placement remain controversial. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of RA screw placement on cervical spine surgery.
Methods
A comprehensive search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Database, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Databases, and Wanfang Database was performed to select potential eligible studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative cohort studies, and case series reporting the accuracy of cervical screw placement were included. The Cochrane risk of bias criteria and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria were utilized to rate the risk of bias of the included literatures. The primary outcome was the rate of cervical screw placement accuracy with robotic guidance; subgroup analyses based on the screw type and insertion segments were also performed.
Results
One RCT, 3 comparative cohort studies, and 3 case series consisting of 160 patients and 719 cervical screws were included in this meta-analysis. The combined outcomes indicated that the rates of optimal and clinically acceptable cervical screw placement accuracy under robotic guidance were 88.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.1%–91.4%; p = 0.073; I2 = 47.941%) and 98.4% (95% CI, 96.8%–99.5%; p = 0.167; I2 = 35.954%). The subgroup analyses showed that the rate of optimal pedicle screw placement accuracy was 88.2% (95% CI, 83.1%–92.6%; p = 0.057; I2 = 53.305%); the rates of optimal screw placement accuracy on C1, C2, and subaxial segments were 96.2% (95% CI, 80.5%–100.0%; p = 0.167; I2 = 44.134X%), 89.7% (95% CI, 80.6%–96.6%; p = 0.370; I2 = 0.000X%), and 82.6% (95% CI, 70.9%–91.9%; p = 0.057; I2 = 65.127X%;), respectively.
Conclusion
RA techniques were associated with high rates of optimal and clinically acceptable screw positions. RA cervical screw placement is accurate, safe, and feasible in cervical spine surgery with promising clinical potential.

Citations

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  • 5G-Enabled remote Robotic-Assisted percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in single thoracolumbar fractures: initial clinical feasibility and safety evaluation
    Lu-Ping Zhou, Xian-Liang Zhang, Hua-Qing Zhang, Yu Chen, Chong-Yu Jia, Peng Ge, Yong Zhang, Ao Liu, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen
    European Spine Journal.2026; 35(2): 944.     CrossRef
  • Surgical management of ossified posterior longitudinal ligament: a review
    Freddie Y. Rodriguez Beato, Jose Castillo, Muhammad Sulman, Omar Ortuno, Khadija Soufi, Kee Kim
    British Journal of Neurosurgery.2026; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: The Current Scenario
    S. Vidyadhara, Abhishek Soni, T. Balamurugan, H. S. Chhabra
    Indian Spine Journal.2026; 9(1): 12.     CrossRef
  • Extended uses of robots in spine surgery beyond thoracolumbar pedicle screws: A narrative review
    Vidyadhara Srinivasa, Abhishek Soni, Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Prabhu Krishnan
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Accuracy of Cervical Pedicle Screw Placement Using a Patient-Specific Template Guide System in Revision Cervical Spine Surgery: A CT-Based Morphometric and Accuracy Analysis
    Kesavan Ramachandran, Akira Fukushima, Hiroyuki Hasebe, Hirohito Takeuchi, Shigeki Oshima, Masanori Fujiya, Itaru Oda
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the precision and accuracy of augmented reality for pedicle screw placement in the cervical spine
    Lisa M. Tamburini, Anthony Viola, Rohan R. Patel, Tomer Korabelnikov, Raghunandan Nayak, Justin S King, Scott Mallozzi, Isaac L. Moss, Hardeep Singh
    North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ).2025; 23: 100618.     CrossRef
  • Robotisch assistierte und navigierte Pedikelschraubenplatzierung an der subaxialen Halswirbelsäule
    Dominik M. Haida, Mike Holl, Oybek Khakimov, Stefan Huber-Wagner
    Die Unfallchirurgie.2025; 128(9): 722.     CrossRef
  • Minimally Invasive Techniques in Posterior Atlanto-Axial Fixation: State of the Art and Systematic Review
    Gianpaolo Jannelli, Luca Paun, Cédric Y. Barrey, Paola Borrelli, Karl Schaller, Enrico Tessitore, Ivan Cabrilo
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4657.     CrossRef
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    Ting Li, Jingxin Yan, Jin Li, Yuanting Shang, Xiaoyu Tang
    Annals of Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Peng Liu, Jiang Hu, Wei Zhang, Shu Lin, Yang Yu, Liuyi Tang, Fei Wang
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Robotic-Assisted Correction of Cervicothoracic Deformity in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Case Report and Review of Literature
    Balamurugan Thirugnanam, Abhishek Soni, Dinesh Iyer, Srinivasa Vidyadhara
    Journal of Orthopaedic Association of South Indian States.2025; 22(1): 57.     CrossRef
  • Robot-assisted cervical pedicle screw placement using a novel hybrid dilator technique: A clinical series of 565 screws
    Abhishek Soni, S Vidyadhara, Madhava Pai Kanhangad, T Balamurugan
    Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine.2025; 16(3): 301.     CrossRef
  • Application of Tianji Orthopedic Robot-Assisted Screw Placement versus Traditional Free-Hand Screw Placement in Upper Cervical Fractures
    Tong Zhao, Xianhai Zeng, Feng Chen, Minghao Bi, Tao Jiang, Qianhou Zhou, Junlei Tan, Wenye Ma, Mingfu Li, Chengkua Huang, Guosheng Su
    Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology.2025; 16(10): 422.     CrossRef
  • Safety and Accuracy of Robot-Assisted Cervical Screw Placement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jing Peng, Qiang Li, Xuejun Zhang, Jiaheng Li, Song Wan, Shuangqi Yu, Wei Chen, Dong Chen, Fan Ding
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 181: e163.     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor Regarding “A Comparison of Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Accuracy Between Robotic Navigation and Novel Fluoroscopy-Based Instrument Tracking for Patients Undergoing Instrumented Thoracolumbar Surgery”
    Zhi-Gang Zhang, Lu-Ping Zhou, Liang Kang, Cai-Liang Shen
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 181: 191.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy and clinical characteristics of robot-assisted cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jiayuan Wu, Mingxing Fan, Da He, Yi Wei, Fangfang Duan, Xieyuan Jiang, Wei Tian
    International Orthopaedics.2024; 48(7): 1903.     CrossRef
  • Feasibility and safety report on robotic assistance for cervical pedicle screw fixation: a cadaveric study
    Seungjun Ryu, Byeong-Jin Ha, Sunjin Yoon, Chang Kyu Lee, Dong Ah Shin, Keung-Nyun Kim, Seong Yi
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Dominik M. Haida, Peter Mohr, Sae-Yeon Won, Thorsten Möhlig, Mike Holl, Thorsten Enk, Marc Hanschen, Stefan Huber-Wagner
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • To Be Trustworthy, the Robot Assisted Cervical Spine Surgery Needs More Than Accuracy Beyond Technological Limitations: Commentary on “Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement”
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  • Advancing the Adoption of Robot-Assisted Surgery as the Routine Minimally Invasive Approach in Spinal Procedures: Commentary on “Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws”
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    Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 1088.     CrossRef
  • Spine Surgical Robotics: Current Status and Recent Clinical Applications
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    Neurospine.2023; 20(4): 1256.     CrossRef
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  • 24 Web of Science
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The Accuracy and Safety of a Pedicle Screw Using the Freehand Technique in Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery
Yunjin Nam, Dong-Gune Chang, Hong Jin Kim, Young Ha Kim, Sangmin Lee, Jae Hyuk Yang, Seung Woo Suh
Neurospine 2023;20(1):240-247.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244646.323

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The Accuracy and Safety of a Pedicle Screw Using the Freehand Technique in Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):240-247.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244646.323
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The Accuracy and Safety of a Pedicle Screw Using the Freehand Technique in Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):240-247.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244646.323
Close
Objective
The safety and clinical usefulness of minimally invasive scoliosis surgery (MISS) has been reported in various studies. However, freehand pedicle screwing in MISS remains technically challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and safety of pedicle screw placement using the freehand technique in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated with MISS compared to conventional open scoliosis surgery (COSS).
Methods
We included 76 patients who underwent deformity correction for AIS. Computed tomography scans were used to assess screw violations divided into 2 groups according to the surgical technique: MISS or COSS. Anterior violations were classified into grade 0, 1 (no contact with internal organs), and 2 (contact with internal organs). Medial and lateral violations were classified into grade 0, 1 ( < 2 mm), and 3 ( ≥ 2 mm). grade 2 were considered critical violations.
Results
A total of 630 and 1,174 pedicle screws were inserted in the MISS and COSS groups, respectively. The overall critical violation rates of the MISS and COSS groups were 16.8% (106 screws) and 14.0% (165 screws) (p = 0.116). Medial critical violations on the left side in the middle thoracic region frequently occurred in the MISS group compared to the COSS group (p = 0.003). There were no statistical differences in the complications.
Conclusion
Pedicle screw placement using the freehand technique in MISS for AIS patients provided similar accuracy and safety compared to COSS. Pedicle screws inserted on the left side of the middle thoracic region, exhibited more medial critical violations in the MISS group.

Citations

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  • A Comprehensive and Historical Review of Minimally Invasive Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: An Analysis of Research Trends and Hotspots
    Hong Jin Kim, Dong Yun Kim, Jae Hyuk Yang, Jungwook Lim, Seung Woo Suh
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(16): 5676.     CrossRef
  • Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Is the Feasible Option of Minimally Invasive Surgery using Posterior Approach?
    Hong Jin Kim, Lawrence G. Lenke, Javier Pizones, René Castelein, Per D. Trobisch, Mitsuru Yagi, Michael P. Kelly, Dong-Gune Chang
    Asian Spine Journal.2024; 18(2): 287.     CrossRef
  • Effect of pedicle screw misplacement on the pull-out strength using personalized finite element modeling
    A. Rouyin, H. Nazemi, N. Arjmand, M.J. Einafshar
    Computers in Biology and Medicine.2024; 183: 109290.     CrossRef
  • Long-term Outcomes of Posterior Multilevel Crack Osteotomy: Revisional Surgery for Scoliosis With a Fusion Mass
    Mi Hyun Song, Jae Hyuk Yang, Dong-Gune Chang, Yunjin Nam, Seung Woo Suh
    Neurospine.2023; 20(3): 989.     CrossRef
  • Screw Insertional Torque Measurement in Spine Surgery: Correlation With Bone Mineral Density and Hounsfield Unit
    Byeong Ho Oh, Jee Yong Kim, Jong Beom Lee, Jae Taek Hong, Jae Hoon Sung, Khoi D. Than, Ho Jin Lee, Il Sup Kim
    Neurospine.2023; 20(4): 1177.     CrossRef
  • 7,089 View
  • 218 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
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Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement: A Case-Control Study
Qi Zhang, Ming-Xing Fan, Xiao-Guang Han, Ya-Jun Liu, Da He, Bo Liu, Wei Tian
Neurospine 2021;18(4):839-844.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142560.180

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Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement: A Case-Control Study
Neurospine. 2021;18(4):839-844.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142560.180
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Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Robot-Assisted Pedicle Screw Placement: A Case-Control Study
Neurospine. 2021;18(4):839-844.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142560.180
Close
Objective
To identify potential risk factors of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation.
Methods
A retrospective analysis of robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation performed in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from March 2018 to March 2019 was conducted. Research data was collected from the medical record and imaging systems. Univariate tests were performed on the potential risk factors (patient’s characteristics and surgical factors) of unsatisfactory screw position during robot-assisted pedicle screw fixation. For statistically significant variables in univariate tests, a logistic regression test was used to identify independent risk factors for unsatisfactory screw position.
Results
A total of 780 pedicle screws placed in 163 robot-assisted surgeries were analyzed. The rate of perfect screw positions was 93.08%, and the unsatisfactory rate was 6.92%. In patients with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) (odds ratio [OR], 2.459; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.199–5.044; p = 0.014), osteoporosis (T ≤ -2.5) (OR, 1.857; 95% CI, 1.046–3.295; p = 0.034), and the segments 3 levels away from the tracker (OR, 2.216; 95% CI, 1.119–4.387; p = 0.022), robot-assisted pedicle screw placement has a higher risk of screw malposition.
Conclusion
During robot-assisted pedicle screw placement for patients with severe obesity, osteoporosis, and segments 3 levels away from the tracker, vigilance should be maintained during surgery to avoid postoperative complications due to unsatisfactory screw position.

Citations

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  • Feasibility of synthetic CT images for robotic pedicle screw planning and navigation
    Ardavan Kashtiara, Sarah Beldé, Dieter Thijs, Timo De Bondt, Johan Van Goethem, Erik Van de Kelft
    European Spine Journal.2026; 35(3): 1354.     CrossRef
  • Power-drill fluoroscopy-controlled technique as an alternative to navigation-assisted pedicle screw placement: A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study
    Felix Corr, Faizan Kareem, Linda Bättig, Benedict Caspari, Karl Kapahnke, Silvio Heinig, Simon Behringer, Erik Schulz, Yesim Yildiz, Nader Hejrati, Oliver Bozinov, Benjamin Martens, Kern Singh, Martin N. Stienen, Stefan Motov
    Brain and Spine.2026; 6: 105959.     CrossRef
  • Spinal Robotics in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Key Concepts and Technical Considerations
    Kareem Khalifeh, Carson P. McCann, Nicholas S. Hernandez, Martin H. Pham
    Asian Journal of Neurosurgery.2025; 20(03): 448.     CrossRef
  • Factors causing deviation of robot-assisted pedicle screw placement for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: why does deviation still occur even with robotics?
    Jun Ueno, Yoshiaki Torii, Masahiro Iinuma, Atsuhiro Yoshida, Ken Tomochika, Takahiro Hideshima, Makoto Ito, Tsutomu Akazawa
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(7): 2714.     CrossRef
  • Robotic-Guided Spine Surgery: Implementation of a System in Routine Clinical Practice—An Update
    Mirza Pojskić, Miriam Bopp, Omar Alwakaa, Christopher Nimsky, Benjamin Saß
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(13): 4463.     CrossRef
  • Complications and Errors With Spinal Robotics and Navigation
    Trice A. Pickens, Cade F. Bennett, Daniel E. Herrera, Wellington K. Hsu, Srikanth N. Divi, Alpesh A. Patel
    Contemporary Spine Surgery.2025; 26(9): 1.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors of inaccurate screw placement in robotic spine surgeries: why do robots make error and how to avoid them?
    S. Vidyadhara, R Dinesh Iyer, Abhishek Soni, T. Balamurugan, Dhiyanesh Krishnamurthy
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Risk factors analysis for pedicle screw placement deviation in robot-assisted MIS-TLIF
    Tianci Yang, Beixi Bao, Hui Yan, Yuxuan Wu, Xiaokang Cheng, Chunyang Xu, Yang Ye, Haoran Zhang, Jiaguang Tang
    BMC Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Cohort Study Comparing Robot-Assisted and Conventional Fluoroscopy-Guided Pedicle Screw Placement
    Hassan Seif, Emanuele Maragno, Marco Gallus, Szabolcs Szeöke, Michael Schwake
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(19): 6831.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy and potential risk factors of pedicle screw placement using a noninvasive-registration robotic system in the thoracolumbar spine
    Rui Yang, Kui Wang, Weilin Li, Jiajun Feng, Jian Jiang, Yuefeng Sun, Hong Wang
    Journal of Robotic Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Accuracy and risk factors of Magerl screw placement in robot‐assisted atlantoaxial surgery: A case series study
    Wu Jiayuan, Wei Yi, Duan Fangfang, He Da, Jiang Xieyuan, Tian Wei
    The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Single-Center Experience of Robotic-Assisted Spine Surgery in Korea : Analysis of Screw Accuracy, Potential Risk Factor of Screw Malposition and Learning Curve
    Bu Kwang Oh, Dong Wuk Son, Jun Seok Lee, Su Hun Lee, Young Ha Kim, Soon Ki Sung, Sang Weon Lee, Geun Sung Song, Seong Yi
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2024; 67(1): 60.     CrossRef
  • Accuracy and clinical characteristics of robot-assisted cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jiayuan Wu, Mingxing Fan, Da He, Yi Wei, Fangfang Duan, Xieyuan Jiang, Wei Tian
    International Orthopaedics.2024; 48(7): 1903.     CrossRef
  • Feasibility and safety report on robotic assistance for cervical pedicle screw fixation: a cadaveric study
    Seungjun Ryu, Byeong-Jin Ha, Sunjin Yoon, Chang Kyu Lee, Dong Ah Shin, Keung-Nyun Kim, Seong Yi
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tomoyuki Asada, Tejas Subramanian, Chad Z. Simon, Nishtha Singh, Takashi Hirase, Kasra Araghi, Amy Z. Lu, Eric Mai, Yeo Eun Kim, Olivia Tuma, Myles R J Allen, Eric Kim, Maximilian Korsun, Joshua Zhang, Cole Kwas, James Dowdell, Sravisht Iyer, Sheeraz A. Q
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    Zilin Gao, Xiaobo Zhang, Zhengwei Xu, Chao Jiang, Wei Hu, Haiping Zhang, Dingjun Hao
    BMC Geriatrics.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Tomoyuki Asada, Sheeraz A. Qureshi
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    Qi Zhang, Xiao-Guang Han, Ming-Xing Fan, Jing-Wei Zhao, Zhao Lang, Ji-Le Jiang, Da He, Bo Liu, Wei Tian
    Expert Review of Medical Devices.2023; 20(6): 427.     CrossRef
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    Lu-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Dui Li, Shu Fang, Rui Sheng, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen
    Neurospine.2023; 20(1): 329.     CrossRef
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    Neurospine.2023; 20(4): 1256.     CrossRef
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The Navigated Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Accuracy Rate, Effect on Surgical Time, and Complications
Zhuo Xi, Dean Chou, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Shane Burch
Neurospine 2020;17(1):260-267.   Published online February 5, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938358.179

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The Navigated Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Accuracy Rate, Effect on Surgical Time, and Complications
Neurospine. 2020;17(1):260-267.   Published online February 5, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938358.179
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The Navigated Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Accuracy Rate, Effect on Surgical Time, and Complications
Neurospine. 2020;17(1):260-267.   Published online February 5, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1938358.179
Close
Objective
The oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) can be done with either fluoroscopy or navigation. However, it is unclear how navigation affects the overall flow of the procedure. We wished to report on the accuracy of this technique using navigation and on how navigation affects surgical time and complications.
Methods
A retrospective review was undertaken to evaluate patients who underwent OLIF using spinal navigation at University of California San Francisco. Data collected were demographic variables, perioperative variables, and radiographic images. Postoperative lateral radiographs were analyzed for accuracy of cage placement. The disc space was divided into 4 quadrants from anterior to posterior, zone 1 being anterior, and zone 4 being posterior. The accuracy of cage placement was assessed by placement.
Results
There were 214 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 350 levels were instrumented from L1 to L5 using navigation. The mean follow-up time was 17.42 months. The mean surgical time was 211 minutes, and the average surgical time per level was 129.01 minutes. After radiographic analysis, 94.86% of cages were placed within quartiles 1 to 3. One patient (0.47%) underwent revision surgery because of suboptimal cage placement. For approach-related complications, transient neurological symptoms were 10.28%, there was no vascular injury.
Conclusion
The use of navigation to perform OLIF from L1 to L5 resulted in a cage placement accuracy rate of 94.86% in 214 patients.

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Clinical Article

Diagnosis of Cervical OPLL in Lateral Radiograph and MRI: Is it Reliable?
Moo Sung Kang, Jae Wook Lee, Ho Yeol Zhang, Yong Eun Cho, Young Mok Park
Korean J Spine 2012;9(3):205-208.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.205

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Diagnosis of Cervical OPLL in Lateral Radiograph and MRI: Is it Reliable?
Korean J Spine. 2012;9(3):205-208.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.205
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Diagnosis of Cervical OPLL in Lateral Radiograph and MRI: Is it Reliable?
Korean J Spine. 2012;9(3):205-208.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.205
Close
Objective

Cervical OPLL is a relatively common cause of developing cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy in Asians. Cervical OPLL is sometimes missed in lateral radiography or MRI. In the present study, we analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of cervical OPLL in lateral radiography and MRI compared to CT scan.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of forty-six patients who underwent decompressive surgery anteriorly or posteriorly in our institute. All patients were diagnosed with cervical OPLL by CT scan. The patients were grouped into continuous type, segmental type, mixed type, and localized type. We then evaluated lateral radiographs and MRI compared to CT scans. The diagnostic accuracy and false negative rates in lateral radiograph and MRI were evaluated.

Results

In a total of 46 patients diagnosed with cervical OPLL in CT scans, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 52.2%(24/46) and 58.7%(27/46), respectively. In the continuous type group, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 85.7%(6/7) and 100.0%(7/7). In the segmental type group, diagnostic accuracy using lateral radiograph and MRI were 27.3%(6/22) and 31.8%(7/22). In the mixed type group, diagnostic accuracy was 91.7%(11/12) in lateral radiograph and 83.3%(10/12) in MRI. In the localized group, diagnostic accuracy was 20.0%(1/5) in lateral radiograph and 60.0%(3/5) in MRI.

Conclusion

The diagnostic accuracy of cervical OPLL using lateral radiograph and MRI was less than using CT scan. For the best treatment plan, preoperative CT scan should be performed to detect conditions of ossifications such as cervical OPLL.

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