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"Cervical disc herniation"

Review Article

Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review
Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Sung Tan Cho, Ayush Sharma, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Meng-Huang Wu, Lo Cho Yau, Hyun-Jin Park, Ho-Jin Lee
Neurospine 2025;22(1):81-104.   Published online March 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449086.534

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Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review
Neurospine. 2025;22(1):81-104.   Published online March 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449086.534
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Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review
Neurospine. 2025;22(1):81-104.   Published online March 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449086.534
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Objective
Full endoscopic cervical surgery (FECS) is an evolving minimally invasive approach for treating cervical spine disorders. This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the clinical outcomes and patient perspectives associated with FECS, specifically evaluating its safety, efficacy, and overall patient satisfaction.
Methods
A systematic search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies published between January 2000 and September 2024 that reported on clinical outcomes or patient perspectives related to FECS were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions) tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective studies, and observational studies focused on adult populations undergoing FECS for cervical spine surgery.
Results
The final synthesis included 30 studies. FECS was associated with significant reductions in both cervical and radicular pain, as well as meaningful functional improvements, measured by standardized clinical scales such as the Neck Disability Index and visual analogue scale. Patient satisfaction rates were consistently high, with most studies reporting satisfaction exceeding 85%. Complication rates were low, primarily involving transient neurological deficits that were typically resolved without the need for further intervention. Nonrandomized studies generally presented a moderate risk of bias due to confounding and selection, whereas randomized controlled trials exhibited a low risk of bias.
Conclusion
FECS is a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical option for cervical spine disorders associated with substantial pain relief, functional improvement and high levels of patient satisfaction.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Response to the letter to the editor: Inconsistencies in obesity criteria: implications for systematic reviews on endoscopic spine surgery
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Peem Sarasombath, Yudha Mathan Sakti, Pang Hung Wu, Meng-Huang Wu, Yu-Jen Lu, Lo Cho Yau, Zenya Ito, Sung Tan Cho, Dong-Gune Chang, Kang Taek Lim
    Asian Spine Journal.2026; 20(1): 211.     CrossRef
  • Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy and Discectomy for Cervical Disc Hernia With Unilateral Radiculopathy
    Idris Gurpinar, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Furkan Almas, Ozkan Ates
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(1): 149.     CrossRef
  • Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Posterior Endoscopic Decompression for Symptomatic Cervical Disc Herniation
    Adam Mahendra Teja, Muhammed Anzar, Cheol Wung Park
    Cureus.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Ultrasound-guided brachial plexus hydrodissection combined with acupotomy release for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy: a multicenter retrospective study
    Xiang Shang, Guo-Rui Luan, Yang-Chun Song, Fen Zhang, San-Bing Wu, Kai Geng, Hou-Shan Fang, Wei Wei, Zhen-Ya Wang, Han-Qing Zhao, Yong-Hui Yang, De-Hong Meng
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current Trends and Future Directions in Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Review of Emerging Techniques and Evolving Management Paradigms
    Gianluca Galieri, Vittorio Orlando, Roberto Altieri, Manlio Barbarisi, Alessandro Olivi, Giovanni Sabatino, Giuseppe La Rocca
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(10): 3390.     CrossRef
  • Navigated Minimally Invasive Cervical and Cervicothoracic Fixation: A Technical Note on Surgical Technique and Proposed Classification
    Spyridon Komaitis, Konstantinos Zygogiannis, Sotirios Karatzoglou, Dimitrios Klitsinikos, Dritan Pasku, Khalid Salem
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 14,779 View
  • 224 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref

Case Reports

Combined Anterior Approach with Transcorporeal Herniotomy for a Huge Migrated Cervical Disc Herniation
Kyung-Chul Choi, Yong Ahn, Choon Dae Lee, Sang-Ho Lee
Korean J Spine 2011;8(4):292-294.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.4.292

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Combined Anterior Approach with Transcorporeal Herniotomy for a Huge Migrated Cervical Disc Herniation
Korean J Spine. 2011;8(4):292-294.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.4.292
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Combined Anterior Approach with Transcorporeal Herniotomy for a Huge Migrated Cervical Disc Herniation
Korean J Spine. 2011;8(4):292-294.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.4.292
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The report describes the herniation of a huge migrated cervical disc, which was treated by a combined anterior approach. A 50-year-old man presented with radiculopathy and myelopathy. Radiological images revealed the herniation of a huge disc which had migrated superiorly from the C6-7 disc to the C5-6 disc. We tried to combine an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) and transcorporeal herniotomy to avoid corpectomy. Postoperatively, successful clinical and radiological results were obtained. It is therefore possible to remove a huge migrated herniated cervical disc completely by a combined ACDF and trancorporeal approach without corpectomy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy with partial pediculotomy for management of highly down-migrated cervical disc herniation: A case report
    Katsuhiko Ishibashi, Kazuyoshi Yanagisawa, Ryoji Tominaga, Yasushi Inomata, Kento Takebayashi, Takashi Mizutani, Hiroki Iwai, Hisashi Koga
    Surgical Neurology International.2025; 16: 75.     CrossRef
  • Epidural migration of sequestered cervical prolapsed intervertebral disc: A report of two cases with literature review
    Madhusudhan Nagesh, Andiperumal R. Prabhuraj
    Surgery Case Reports.2025; 6: 100138.     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor Regarding “Anterior Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Transcorporeal with Single-Incision Treatment for Noncontiguous 2-Level Cervical Disc Herniation: Technical Report and Early Follow-Up”
    Filipi Fim Andreão, Matheus Maia, Marcelo Porto Sousa, Murilo dos Santos Mancilha, Leonardo de Barros Oliveira, Danilo Gomes Quadros, Marcus Vinicius Serra
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 185: 459.     CrossRef
  • Evaluating the effectiveness of the transcorporeal approach in minimally invasive spine surgery for cervical spinal disease: a comprehensive review and technical insights
    Yanting Liu, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Facundo Van Isseldyk, Vit Kotheeranurak, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Kyung-Chul Choi, Gun Choi, Junseok Bae, Jin-Sung Kim
    BMC Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Anterior Transcorporeal Approach for Cervical Metastatic Melanoma Resection Guided by O-Arm–Navigated Intraoperative Computed Tomography
    Khanathip Jitpakdee, Vit Kotheeranurak, Woo Jung Lim, Jin-Sung Kim
    Operative Neurosurgery.2022; 22(1): e7.     CrossRef
  • Single-stage C6-7 ACDF with T1-2 Oblique Keyhole Transcorporeal Disectomy to Treat Cervico-thoracic Tandem Disc Herniation: A Case Report
    Kang Suk Moon, MinSeung Jeong, Sang-Ho Lee, Oon-Ki Baek
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2022; 7(1): 179.     CrossRef
  • The Significance of Lumbar Probing Combined with Continuous Irrigation and Undercutting Posterior Vertebral Body for Highly Upward Migrated Disc Herniation in ACDF: Case Reports and technical notes
    Ji Soo Moon, Min Soo Kang, Sang Ho Lee, Chan Hong Park
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2022; 7(1): 169.     CrossRef
  • Transcorporeal Tunnel Approach for Cervical Radiculopathy and Myelopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Sotirios Apostolakis
    World Neurosurgery.2020; 138: 318.     CrossRef
  • Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Anterior Transcorporeal Diskectomy for Massive Migrated Cervical Disk Herniation Treatment: Case Report and Review of the Literature
    Yang Qiao, Wen-bo Liao, Qian Du, Jun Ao, Yu-qiang Cai, Wei-jun Kong, Jianpu Qin
    World Neurosurgery.2019; 132: 47.     CrossRef
  • Anterior percutaneous full-endoscopic transcorporeal decompression of the spinal cord for single-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy: The technical interpretation and 2 years of clinical follow-up
    Weijun Kong, Zhijun Xin, Qian Du, Guangru Cao, Wenbo Liao
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2019;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Letter to the Editor Regarding “Percutaneous Full-Endoscopic Anterior Transcorporeal Procedure for Cervical Disc Herniation: A Novel Procedure and Early Follow-Up Study”
    Zhi-Qiang Jia, Li-Tao Zhao, Xue-Qin Rong, Hai-Wen Lv, Xi-Jing He
    World Neurosurgery.2018; 118: 385.     CrossRef
  • Microdiscectomy and Foraminotomy in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Radiculopathy
    Toshiyuki OKAZAKI, Hiroshi NAKAGAWA, Hideo MURE, Kenji YAGI, Hitoshi HAYASE, Yasushi TAKAGI, Koji SAITO
    Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2018; 58(11): 468.     CrossRef
  • Anterior transcorporeal approach of percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy for disc herniation at the C4–C5 levels: a technical note
    Zhong-Liang Deng, Lei Chu, Liang Chen, Jun-Song Yang
    The Spine Journal.2016; 16(5): 659.     CrossRef
  • The Comparisons of Surgical Outcomes and Clinical Characteristics between the Far Lateral Lumbar Disc Herniations and the Paramedian Lumbar Disc Herniations
    Hyun Wook Park, Ki Seok Park, Moon Sun Park, Seong Min Kim, Seung Young Chung, Do Sung Lee
    Korean Journal of Spine.2013; 10(3): 155.     CrossRef
  • Regrowing Synovial Chondromatosis in a Cervical Facet Joint with Radiculopathy
    Jae-Suk Han, Seung Hoon Lee, Eun-Sang Kim, Whan Eoh
    Korean Journal of Spine.2012; 9(3): 253.     CrossRef
  • 9,483 View
  • 113 Download
  • 15 Crossref
Extradural Cervical Disc Herniation Causing Sudden Brown-se'quard Syndrome: A Case Report.
Tae Kwon Kim, Sung Han Oh, Jong Kook Rhim, Jae Sub Noh, Bong Sub Chung
Korean J Spine 2008;5(4):271-273.

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Extradural Cervical Disc Herniation Causing Sudden Brown-se'quard Syndrome: A Case Report.
Korean J Spine. 2008;5(4):271-273.
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Extradural Cervical Disc Herniation Causing Sudden Brown-se'quard Syndrome: A Case Report.
Korean J Spine. 2008;5(4):271-273.
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This is a report on the sudden onset of the Brown-Se`quard Syndrome on a patient following extradural cervical disc herniation. Earlier diagnosis and prompt surgical decompression in the lateral cord syndrome yielded a good outcome.
  • 3,574 View
  • 22 Download

Original Article

Total Cervical Disc Replacement using Artificial Disc in Cervical Disc Herniations.
Jin Hoon Park, Sang Won Hwang, Sang Ryong Jeon, Seung Chul Rhim, Sung Woo Roh
Korean J Spine 2008;5(1):1-6.

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Total Cervical Disc Replacement using Artificial Disc in Cervical Disc Herniations.
Korean J Spine. 2008;5(1):1-6.
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Total Cervical Disc Replacement using Artificial Disc in Cervical Disc Herniations.
Korean J Spine. 2008;5(1):1-6.
Close
OBJECTIVE
Anterior discectomy and fusion(ACDF) is still the 'gold-standard' treatment for diseases of the cervical disc. However, concerns over adjacent level degeneration and loss of motion have led us to consider total disc replacement with artificial disc as an alternative solution. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical results and radiological changes after cervical artificial disc replacement.
METHODS
Twenty consecutive patients underwent cervical arthroplasty for radiculopathy and were assessed at 1 and 12 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed using a numerical rating scale(NRS) score for radicular pain. Radiological results were evaluated by cervical lordosis(Cobb's angle), cervical range of motion(ROM), segmental lordosis, segmental ROM and segmental ROM of adjacent disc levels.
RESULTS
The mean NRS scores of all patients were significantly improved from 8.0+/-1.2 to 1.3+/-1.9 after 12 months. Cervical lordosis was improved in all patients(preoperative mean lordosis score 14.5degrees+/-8.8; postoperative mean lordosis score at 12 months 25.3degrees+/-9.2). There was no intraoperative or postoperative complication.
CONCLUSION
Preliminary results showed excellent in clinical and radiological outcomes after at least 20 months follow-up period. It seems that the cervical arthroplasty can be considerd an alternative method for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) and has benefits for postoperative cervical motion maintenance.
  • 4,172 View
  • 37 Download
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