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"Cervical radiculopathy"

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Cervical Spine

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Explanatory Factors for Neck-Related Disability, Headache, and Pain After Cervical Decompression Surgery in Individuals With Cervical Radiculopathy and Neck-Related Headache: A National Registry-Based Study With 2-Year Follow-up
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):593-604.   Published online July 31, 2026
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Explanatory Factors for Neck-Related Disability, Headache, and Pain After Cervical Decompression Surgery in Individuals With Cervical Radiculopathy and Neck-Related Headache: A National Registry-Based Study With 2-Year Follow-up
Neurospine. 2026;23(3):593-604.   Published online July 31, 2026
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Objective
To investigate explanatory factors associated with neck-related disability, headache, and neck and arm pain 2 years after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) or posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) in individuals with cervical radiculopathy (CR) and neck-related headache.
Methods
This registry-based cohort study used prospectively collected data with a 2-year follow-up from the Swedish Spine Registry. Individuals who underwent ACDF (n=1,866) or PCF (n=357) for CR between January 2016 and March 2021 and reported preoperative neck-related headache were included. Standard analysis of covariance models were used to identify explanatory factors for the absolute values of Neck Disability Index (NDI), NDI-headache, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) neck pain, and NRS arm pain at the 2-year follow-up after ACDF or PCF.
Results
Explanatory factors explained 33% and 32% of the neck-related disability, 20% and 35% of the headache, 21% and 13% of the neck pain, and 16% and 24% of the arm pain at 2-year follow-up after ACDF and PCF, respectively, in individuals with CR and neck-related headache. The preoperative value of these outcomes had the greatest impact, except for neck and arm pain after PCF, where neck-related disability had a greater impact.
Conclusion
Neck-related disability, headache, and neck and arm pain after ACDF and PCF in individuals with CR and neck-related headache are associated with preoperative levels of these outcomes, as well as demographic, lifestyle, surgical factors and self-reported health, that should be considered before surgery. The models explained 13%–35% of the variance in the outcomes, indicating that a substantial proportion remains unexplained.
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Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: A Matched-Pair Comparison Analysis
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):1040-1050.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Cervical Disc Replacement Versus Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: A Matched-Pair Comparison Analysis
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):1040-1050.   Published online September 30, 2024
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Objective
To compare clinical and radiographic outcomes between 2 motion preservation surgeries, cervical disc replacement (CDR) and posterior endoscopic cervical decompression (PECD), for unilateral cervical radiculopathy.
Methods
Between February 2018 and December 2020, 60 patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy who underwent either CDR or PECD were retrospectively recruited as matched pairs. Clinical outcomes included visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and satisfaction rates. The radiographic outcome was index level motion. Intraoperative data, complications, and hospital stay were collected. Preoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared.
Results
Patients undergoing CDR or PECD were included, with 30 cases in each group. Matched pairs were compared in terms of demographic data and preoperative measurements. CDR was associated with shorter operative times, whereas PECD resulted in less intraoperative blood loss. The total complication rate was 5%. NDI and VAS for neck and arm were significantly improved in both groups, with no significant differences between the 2 groups. Satisfaction rates of good and excellent exceeded 87% in both groups. CDR was superior to PECD in the restoration of disc height. Early postoperative follow-up showed no significant difference in terms of index level motion. PECD demonstrated significantly shorter hospital stays and quicker return-to-work times (p<0.05).
Conclusion
PECD achieved equivalent clinical and radiologic outcomes compared with CDR when the certain criteria for surgery were met. Both techniques demonstrated the potential to maintain index level motion. Additionally, PECD resulted in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and faster return-to-work times. Conversely, CDR offered shorter operative times and better restoration of disc height.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy for cervicothoracic junction disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled trial
    Huaibin Wang, Hui Li, Rushuo Wei, Hao Yan, Ruzhan Yao, Weiqiang Liu, Ling Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cervical disc arthroplasty versus minimally invasive posterior cervical procedures as motion preserving surgeries for cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Jia Yi Loh, Xian Jun Ngoh, Zhihong Chew, Yee Gen Lim, Michael Janssen, Jiang Lei
    European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of surgical outcomes between posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical discectomy and microscope-assisted ACDF in patients with single-level unilateral radicular symptomatology of cervical disc herniation: a single-center retrospective study
    Yin He, Jing Zhang, Dawei Ren, Tianping Xi, Zhilin Li
    European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes and Patient Perspectives in Full Endoscopic Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang, Sung Tan Cho, Ayush Sharma, Watcharaporn Cholamjiak, Meng-Huang Wu, Lo Cho Yau, Hyun-Jin Park, Ho-Jin Lee
    Neurospine.2025; 22(1): 81.     CrossRef
  • Advancing the future of endoscopic spine surgery
    Wongthawat Liawrungrueang
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): IX.     CrossRef
  • 12,694 View
  • 175 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Crossref

Regular Issue

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Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Standard Dermatomes and Myotomes for Determining the Pathologic Level in Surgically Verified Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy
Neurospine. 2022;19(4):1006-1012.   Published online December 31, 2022
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Reliability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Standard Dermatomes and Myotomes for Determining the Pathologic Level in Surgically Verified Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy
Neurospine. 2022;19(4):1006-1012.   Published online December 31, 2022
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Objective
This study aimed to investigate the reliability and diagnostic accuracy of typical dermatomes and myotomes for determining the pathologic level in surgically verified patients with cervical radiculopathy.
Methods
Patients who underwent single-level surgery due to cervical radiculopathy with at least a 60% reduction in preoperative symptoms or recovery of muscle power after surgery were included. The observed clinical symptoms (pain, paresthesia, motor weakness) were compared to those of typical cervical dermatomes and myotomes.
Results
Among the 227 patients reviewed, 142 (62.6%) had a standard dermatomal pattern, and 74 of 110 (67.3%) had a standard myotomal pattern. The myotome of C5/6 radiculopathy showed much more variance than those of other cervical segments. Among the patients with severe motor weakness (muscle strength ≤ grade 3 or obvious muscle atrophy), all those with involvement of root C5, C7, and C8 showed a typical pattern (C4/5: 13 of 13 patients, C6/7: 5 of 5 patients, C7/T1: 3 of 3 patients), while only 2 of the 6 patients (33.3%) with severe motor weakness caused by C5/6 radiculopathy fit the typical pattern.
Conclusion
Among various symptoms, cervical myotome is of great value in determining the pathological level. However, it should be noted that there is high variability in human dermatomes and myotomes, especially for motor weakness due to C6 root compression, which is more variable than others.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Functional myotome mapping via triggered electromyography during intraoperative cervical rootlet stimulation
    Hangeul Park, Woojin Kim, Jungbo Sim, Ho Sung Myeong, Jun-Hoe Kim, Young Doo Choi, Gilho Kwak, Bo Eun Kim, Jeongeum Park, Sung-Min Kim, Keewon Kim, John M. Rhee, Woo-Young Jo, Hyongmin Oh, Hee-Pyoung Park, Chang-Hyun Lee, Chi Heon Kim
    Medicine.2026; 105(9): e47668.     CrossRef
  • Strength vs. endurance in myotome assessment—a case for (further studies on) repeated measurements
    Alexia Coulombe-Lévêque, Nicolas Dehors, René Pelletier, François Cabana, Jean-Pierre Dumas, Guillaume Léonard
    Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Treatment Guidelines and Decision Tree for Dry Needling Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Consensus Statement
    Tyler Waterway, Jonathon Beougher, Robert Butler, Kelby Church, Gray Cook, Susan Falsone, Brian Hortz, Tyler Opitz, Phillip J. Plisky, Edo Zylstra, RobRoy Martin
    International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Combined Korean Medicine Therapy Focused on Acupotomy at the External Orifice of Intervertebral Foramen for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Report of Three Cases
    Jaeyoon Kim, Teh-Cheng Sun, Hongik Kim, Changman Kim, Taegeun Kim, Hwanjun Kim
    Journal of Korean Medical Society of Acupotomology.2026; 10(1): 79.     CrossRef
  • Estudio de la columna cervical
    S. Grosdent, P. Pesesse, D. Colman, M. Vanderthommen, C. Demoulin
    EMC - Kinesiterapia - Medicina Física.2025; 46(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • C7 Myotome: Muscles and Their Actions
    Jee Eun Kim, Jong Seok Bae
    Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2025; 43(1): 69.     CrossRef
  • Bilancio del rachide cervicale
    S. Grosdent, P. Pesesse, D. Colman, M. Vanderthommen, C. Demoulin
    EMC - Medicina Riabilitativa.2025; 32(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Neurological examination for cervical radiculopathy: a scoping review
    Marzia Stella Yousif, Giuseppe Occhipinti, Filippo Bianchini, Daniel Feller, Annina B. Schmid, Firas Mourad
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The resisted levator scapulae test: a clinical test for C4 radiculopathy
    William Roger Peters, James Thomas Ernest Smith, Mario Giuseppe Zotti
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(8): 3205.     CrossRef
  • A Brief Review on Cervical Spondylosis
    Shivanjali S. Lakhapate, Omkar A. Devade, Vivekkumar K. Redasani
    Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics.2025; 15(7): 144.     CrossRef
  • Does residual foraminal stenosis at levels not covered by anterior cervical discectomy and fusion aggravate postoperative outcomes in cervical radiculopathy?
    Sehan Park, Dong-Ho Lee, San Kim, Chang Ju Hwang, Jae Hwan Cho
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(6): 978.     CrossRef
  • Bilan du rachis cervical
    S. Grosdent, P. Pesesse, D. Colman, M. Vanderthommen, C. Demoulin
    EMC - Kinésithérapie - Médecine physique - Réadaptation.2024; 37(4): 1.     CrossRef
  • Integrating jigsaw puzzle thinking into practice: the assessment of cervical spine radiculopathy
    Michael Mansfield, Mick Thacker
    Current Opinion in Supportive & Palliative Care.2023; 17(3): 135.     CrossRef
  • Regional Sensorimotor Effects of Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation: Preliminary Results From an Experimental Study
    Carlos Gevers-Montoro, Zoha Deldar, Arantxa Ortega-De Mues
    Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics.2023; 46(5-9): 280.     CrossRef
  • 30,262 View
  • 799 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref

Clinical Article

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Radiologic Changes of Operated and Adjacent Segments after Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2016;13(3):134-138.   Published online September 30, 2016
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Radiologic Changes of Operated and Adjacent Segments after Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2016;13(3):134-138.   Published online September 30, 2016
Close
Objective

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy (ACMF) is a motion-preserving surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to assess radiologic changes of operated and adjacent segments after ACMF.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent ACMF between 1998 and 2008. From X-ray film-based changes, disc height and sagittal range of motion (ROM) of operated and adjacent segments were compared at preoperative and last follow-up periods. Radiological degeneration of both segments was analyzed as well.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 48.2 months. There were 78 operated, 52 upper adjacent, and 38 lower adjacent segments. There were statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of operated segment between preoperative and last follow-up periods. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of adjacent segment between both periods. Radiological degenerative changes of operated segments were observed in 30%. That of adjacent segments was observed in 11 and 11% at upper and lower segments, respectively.

Conclusion

After mean 4-year follow-up periods, there were degenerative changes of operated segments. However, ACMF preserved motion and prevented degenerative changes of adjacent segments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Clinical and radiological outcomes of anterior cervical foraminotomy: Insights from a pioneering Australian case series and systematic review
    Jiahua Huang, Daniel Liu, Keshan Murugananthan, Saeed Kohan
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2025; 142: 111698.     CrossRef
  • Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Surgical Technique and Literature Review
    Yong Ahn
    Neurospine.2023; 20(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Long-term Radiological Evidence of Affected and Adjacent Segment Disease after Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy
    Yasufumi OHTAKE, Junya HANAKITA, Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Manabu MINAMI, Hirohiko NAKAMURA, Taigo KAWAOKA
    Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2020; 60(10): 492.     CrossRef
  • 9,851 View
  • 110 Download
  • 3 Crossref