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"Foraminotomy"

Video Article

Video Articles: Special Issue With JMISST

Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Iatrogenic Foraminal Stenosis Following Vertebroplasty
Yong Ahn, Do-Yeon Rhee
Neurospine 2024;21(4):1137-1140.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449052.526

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Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Iatrogenic Foraminal Stenosis Following Vertebroplasty
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1137-1140.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449052.526
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Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Iatrogenic Foraminal Stenosis Following Vertebroplasty
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1137-1140.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2449052.526
Close
We present a case of iatrogenic lumbar foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage during vertebroplasty, successfully managed using transforaminal endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (TELF). Vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs); however, complications such as bone-cement leakage can lead to vascular or neurological issues, including lumbar radiculopathy. TELF is a minimally invasive surgical option for addressing various forms of lumbar foraminal stenosis. An 82-year-old female patient presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center with severe right inguinal pain radiating to the anterior thigh and knee. Six months prior, she had undergone vertebroplasty at the L3 level for an osteoporotic VCF at another hospital. Following the procedure, she developed radicular leg pain with a diminished knee jerk reflex, which progressively worsened despite extensive conservative treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography revealed right-sided L3–4 foraminal stenosis caused by bone-cement leakage from the prior vertebroplasty. TELF was performed under local anesthesia to decompress the affected area. Bone-cement fragments, along with hypertrophic bone and ligaments, were successfully removed, achieving sufficient decompression of the exiting nerve root. The patient experienced immediate postoperative pain relief. This case represents the first documented instance of endoscopic decompression for iatrogenic foraminal stenosis following vertebroplasty. TELF, performed safely under local anesthesia, demonstrates its effectiveness as a minimally invasive solution for this rare complication.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Cement leakage into adjacent vertebra during percutaneous vertebroplasty: “Gild the Lily” or “Kill two birds with one stone”?
    Rui-Feng Ji, De-an Qin
    International Journal of Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Current Evidence and Clinical Implications of Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery for Post-Vertebroplasty Lumbar Radiculopathy: A Comprehensive Review
    Yong Ahn, Sol Lee, Chang Won Lee
    Journal of Pain Research.2026; Volume 19: 1.     CrossRef
  • O-arm navigation-based transforaminal unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: an innovative preliminary study
    Dong Hyun Lee, Choon Keun Park, Jin-Sung Kim, Jin Sub Hwang, Jin Young Lee, Dong-Geun Lee, Jae-Won Jang, Jun Yong Kim, Yong-Eun Cho, Dong Chan Lee
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 194.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors analysis of recurrent vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty
    Wei Wu, Kai Zhou, Bo Yang, Xianjin Luo
    Current Problems in Surgery.2025; 70: 101836.     CrossRef
  • 3,355 View
  • 84 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref

Original Articles

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

Full-Endoscopic Midline Foraminoplasty: An Alternative Method for Treating Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Saran Pairuchvej, Gun Keorochana, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Chok-anan Rittipoldechs, Jatupon Kongthavornsakul
Neurospine 2024;21(4):1172-1177.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448558.279

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Full-Endoscopic Midline Foraminoplasty: An Alternative Method for Treating Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1172-1177.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448558.279
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Full-Endoscopic Midline Foraminoplasty: An Alternative Method for Treating Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1172-1177.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448558.279
Close
Objective
To describe the full-endoscopic lumbar foraminoplasty with midline skin incision (FEFM) and lateral recess decompression procedure and to report its clinical outcomes at the 1-year follow-up.
Methods
Consecutive patients with lumbar foraminal and/or lateral recess stenosis who underwent FEFM procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with a visual analogue scale (VAS) of back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) up to 1 year postoperatively. The complications and recurrence rate were also recorded.
Results
A total of 30 cases (51 levels) were included (L3–4, 6 cases [11.8%]; L4–5, 23 [45.1%]; L5–S1, 22 cases [43.1%]). VAS scores collected at preoperative, postoperative day 1, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 9.16, 1.7, 1.36, 1.3, and 1.43, respectively. The ODI scores collected at preoperative, postoperative 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year were 46.63, 11.5, 10.66, and 10.46, respectively (p<0.05). The mean operation time was 88.7 minutes (range, 45–152 minutes). The length of hospital stay was 1.21 days (range, 1–3 days). No immediate complications were identified, and no patients experienced a recurrence of symptoms requiring revision surgery.
Conclusion
FEFM is an effective procedure for treating foraminal and/or lateral recess stenosis. It demonstrates the capability to decompress both bilateral foraminal and lateral recess stenosis through a single-entry point.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Decompression for Lumbar Lateral Recess Stenosis: A Systematic Review
    Shanxi Wang, Jianbin Guan, Kaitan Yang, Haohao Liang
    Journal of Investigative Surgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A comparative study of the far lateral approach of uni-portal non-coaxial spinal endoscopic surgery versus percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) for L5/S1 foraminal stenosis with high iliac crest: a retrospective cohort study
    Jie Zhang, Xuanwen Liu, En Song, Dan Chen, Hongda Zhou, Qin Luo
    International Orthopaedics.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,505 View
  • 174 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref

Special Issue With Global Spine Journal

Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With a Comparison to Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Sang Hyub Lee, Junghan Seo, Dain Jeong, Jin Seop Hwang, Jae-Won Jang, Yong Eun Cho, Dong-Geun Lee, Choon Keun Park
Neurospine 2024;21(3):807-819.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448430.215

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Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With a Comparison to Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):807-819.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448430.215
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Clinical Outcomes and Complications of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With a Comparison to Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):807-819.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448430.215
Close
Objective
The unilateral biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (UBE-PCF) has been recently adopted for unilateral radiating arm pain due to cervical herniated intervertebral disc or foraminal stenosis. We systematically meta-analyzed clinical outcomes and complications of the UBE-PCF and compared them with those of full-endoscopic PCF (FE-PCF).
Methods
We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science until February 29, 2024. Clinical outcomes and complications of the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF were collected and analyzed using the fixed-effect or random-effects model. Clinical outcomes of the UBE-PCF were compared with minimal clinically important difference (MCID) following PCF to evaluate the efficacy of UBE-PCF.
Results
Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the random-effects meta-analysis, the Neck Disability Index (NDI), visual analogue scale (VAS) neck, and VAS arm were significantly decreased after the UBE-PCF (p<0.001). The improvement of NDI, VAS neck, and VAS arm were significantly higher than MCID (p<0.05). The improvement of NDI, VAS neck, and VAS arm were not significantly different between the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF (p>0.05). Overall incidence of complications of the UBE-PCF was 6.2% (24 of 390). The most common complication was dura tear (2.1%, 8 of 390). The incidence in overall complications was not significantly different between the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF (p=0.813).
Conclusion
We found that the UBE-PCF significantly improved clinical outcomes. Regarding clinical outcomes and complications, the UBE-PCF and FE-PCF were not significantly different. Therefore, the UBE-PCF would be an advantageous surgical option comparable to FE-PCF for unilateral radiating arm pain.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Biportal Endoscopic Revision Diskectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disk Herniation Using O-Arm Navigation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
    Sang Hyub Lee, Dong-Geun Lee, Choon Keun Park
    Operative Neurosurgery.2026; 30(3): 481.     CrossRef
  • A large-scale database comparison of contemporary surgical complications in cervical radiculopathy: Cervical disc replacement versus posterior cervical foraminotomy
    Nicholas J. Cormas, Ariaz Goudarzi, Ved Vengsarkar, J. Allen Chi, Joyce Wang, Li Jin, Stephen Lockey, Xudong Joshua Li
    Journal of Orthopaedics.2026; 72: 262.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes and Future Directions of Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review With Narrative Insights
    Ryan Wang, Satheeshram Tamilselvan, Ji Soo Ha, Aditya Vedantam, Courtney Rory Goodwin, Nathan Evaniew, Uzondu F. Agochukwu, Konstantinos Margetis, Yoon Ha, Michael Fehlings, Jefferson R. Wilson, Ankit I. Mehta
    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy for cervicothoracic junction disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled trial
    Huaibin Wang, Hui Li, Rushuo Wei, Hao Yan, Ruzhan Yao, Weiqiang Liu, Ling Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • No surgical site infections observed after lumbar unilateral biportal endoscopy: a multicenter retrospective series of 1566 patients
    Aurore Sellier, Joseph Cristini, Alexandre Dhenin, Matthieu Vassal, Francois Lechanoine, Nicolas Pellet, Jonathan Lebhar, Guillaume Lonjon
    Brain and Spine.2026; 6: 105949.     CrossRef
  • Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) Using 3-Dimensional-Printed Titanium Cages Compared With Open TLIF: A Comparison of Clinical Outcomes and Fusion Rates
    Sang Hyub Lee, Junghan Seo, Dain Jeong, Sang Youp Han, Dong Hyun Lee, Jae-Won Jang, Dong-Geun Lee, Choon Keun Park
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(Suppl 1): S28.     CrossRef
  • Minimally Invasive Biportal Endoscopic Resection of a Cervical Laminar Osteoid Osteoma Adjacent to the Facet Joint: A Case Report
    Kwan-Su Song, Joon Young Jung
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(Suppl 1): S102.     CrossRef
  • Nerve Root Herniation Due to Delayed Dural Tear Following Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression With Lumbar Discectomy Using Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy
    Sang Hyub Lee, Jae-Won Jang, Yong Eun Cho, Choon Keun Park
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(Suppl 1): S109.     CrossRef
  • Complications and their prevention in unilateral biportal endoscopy: a systematic review with narrative insights and practical management algorithms
    Xavier A. Santander, Martin N. Stienen, Stefan Motov, Héctor U. Quintanilla, Elsa González Pérez
    Acta Neurochirurgica.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unilateral biportal endoscopic partial cervical laminectomy and facetectomy: An ex vivo study and case report
    Hojung Bae, Haebeom Lee, Sanghyun Nam, Youngjin Jeon, Jaemin Jeong
    Veterinary Surgery.2026; 55(3): 657.     CrossRef
  • Complications in Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery–Tubular, Uniportal, and Biportal Endoscopic Surgery (2013–2024)
    Noah Willett, Chibuikem A. Ikwuegbuenyi, Sean Inzerillo, Eesha Gurav, Mousa Hamad, Ibrahim Hussain, Alan Hernández-Hernández, Galal Elsayed, Osama Kashlan, Roger Härtl
    Spine.2026; 51(7): E175.     CrossRef
  • Incidence and Risk Factors for 30- and 90-day Reoperations Following Biportal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy for Single-Level Lumbar Disc Herniations
    Sang Hyub Lee, Jae-Won Jang, Hangyu Lee, Limjoon Yoon, Sejin Song, Dain Jeong, Junghan Seo, Sang Youp Han, Bang-Sang Hahn, Jun Young Kim, Jin Seop Hwang, Dong-Geun Lee, Jin-Sung Kim, Dong Chan Lee, Yong Eun Cho, Choon Keun Park
    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of outcomes after unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
    Abdullah Afridi, Ayesha Zulfiqar, Muhammad Waqar Shahid, Fatima Sajjad, Hamnah Sohail, Fazia Khattak, Sabir Khan, Ayesha Naseem, Alina Batool, Muhammad Muneeb, Savira Khattak, Izhar Ul Haq, Ayesha Shahid, Ayesha Nauman, Marium Nisar, Tanveer Hussain, Ahsa
    Egyptian Journal of Neurosurgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Risk of Subsequent Cervical Fusion After Endoscopic Versus Open Cervical Decompression
    Ryan Wang, Mohammed Rasheed, William Zeng, Alexander T. Hong, Hannah Cho, Syed I. Khalid, Ankit I. Mehta
    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Unilateral biportal endoscopy-unilateral laminectomy bilateral decompression versus microscopic anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a retrospective matched-pair case-control study
    Sheng Chen, Yihan Yu, Yihao Tao, Zengwu Shao, Cao Yang, Chao Chen
    Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery.2026; 45: 102294.     CrossRef
  • Posterior Full-Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy and Diskectomy: Surgical Techniques and Review of Outcomes
    Sang Hun Lee, Wesley M. Durand, Micheal Raad, Amit Jain
    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2025; 33(18): e1072.     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a cost-effective three-dimensional-printed cervical spine model for endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy training: a prospective educational study from Turkey
    Bilal Bahadır Akbulut, Elif Ezgi Çenberlitaş, Mustafa Serdar Bölük, Taşkın Yurtseven, Hüseyin Biçeroğlu
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(2): 183.     CrossRef
  • Fluid and thermal dynamics in endoscopic spine surgery: What surgeons need to know
    Dong Hun Kim, Sang Don Kim, Jin Young Kim, Jae Taek Hong, Jung Woo Hur
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2025; 136: 111287.     CrossRef
  • Biportal Endoscopic Techniques for Severe Dural Ossification in Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum: Insights From Preoperative Imaging
    Ji Yeon Kim, Su Yong Choi, Dong Chan Lee, Hyeun Sung Kim, Dong Hwa Heo
    Neurospine.2025; 22(3): 819.     CrossRef
  • Single-Incision Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy for 2-Level Cervical Radiculopathy
    Florian Wanivenhaus, Christoph Johannes Laux, Sohrab Gollogly, Jin-Sung Kim, Mazda Farshad
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(2): 289.     CrossRef
  • Comparative analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes between ipsilateral and contralateral inclinatory approaches in unilateral biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy
    JinWoo Jung, Sang-Woo Lee, Donghyun Kim, Young San Ko, Dae-Chul Cho, Sang-Kyu Son, Man-Kyu Park
    European Spine Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • C7–T1 Full-Endoscopic Posterior Foraminotomy and Sequestrectomy Using Navigation
    Soubach Saravanan, Jean Yves Fournier, Alexandre Simonin
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1168.     CrossRef
  • 11,716 View
  • 310 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 22 Crossref
Risk Factors of Restenosis After Full Endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Case-Control Study
Jong Hun Seo, Chang Il Ju, Seok Won Kim, Seung Myung Lee, Pius Kim
Neurospine 2023;20(3):899-907.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346508.254

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Risk Factors of Restenosis After Full Endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Case-Control Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):899-907.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346508.254
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Risk Factors of Restenosis After Full Endoscopic Foraminotomy for Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis: Case-Control Study
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):899-907.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346508.254
Close
Objective
To investigate risk factors associated with postoperative restenosis after full endoscopic lumbar foraminotomy (FELF) in patients with lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS).
Methods
A single-center, retrospective case-control study was conducted on patients diagnosed with foraminal stenosis who underwent FELF between August 2019 and April 2022. The study included 56 patients, comprising 18 cases and 38 controls. Clinical data, radiologic assessments, and surgical types were compared between the groups. The cutoff values of radiologic parameters that differentiate the 2 groups were investigated.
Results
No significant difference in age, sex distribution, or presence of adjacent segment disease or grade I spondylolisthesis was observed between the groups. Cases had a higher degree of disc wedging angle (DWA) (3.0° ± 1.1° vs. 0.5° ± 1.4°, p < 0.001), larger coronal Cobb angle (CCA) (8.8° ± 5.1° vs. 4.7° ± 2.5°, p = 0.004), and smaller segmental lumbar lordosis (SLL) than controls (11.0 ± 7.4 vs. 18.0 ± 5.4, p = 0.001). Optimal cutoff values for DWA, CCA, and SLL were estimated as 1.8°, 7.9°, and 17.1°, respectively. A significant difference in surgical types was observed between cases and controls (p = 0.004), with the case group having a higher distribution of patients undergoing discectomy in addition to TELF.
Conclusion
The study identified potential risk factors for restenosis after FELF in patients with LFS, including higher DWA, larger CCA, smaller SLL angle. We believe that discectomy should be perform with caution during FELF, as it can lead to subsequent restenosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Morphological Analysis of the Intervertebral Foramen and Feasibility of Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery
    Masahiro Kashima, Fumitake Tezuka, Naoyuki Yoshida, Takashi Chikawa, Shunji Nakano, Toru Maeda, Koichi Sairyo
    Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery.2026; 87(04): 243.     CrossRef
  • Técnica endoscópica interlaminar asistida por navegación para hernia discal C7-T1: abordaje mínimamente invasivo de la unión cervicotorácica. Reporte de caso
    José Carlos Sauri-Barraza, Eduardo Callejas-Ponce, Jorge Daniel Pérez-Ruiz, Luis Enrique Núñez-Alvarado, Luis Alfonso Castillejo-Adalid, Francisco García-Muñoz, Omar Castillejo-Adalid, Adrián Francisco Méndez-Delgado
    Cirugía de Columna.2026; 4(3): 252.     CrossRef
  • Safety and Utility of Bilateral-contralateral Decompression for Adjacent Segment Stenosis After Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy
    Dong Hyun Lee, Choon Keun Park, Jae-Won Jang, Dong-Geun Lee
    Clinical Spine Surgery.2025; 38(10): E488.     CrossRef
  • Postoperative Radiologic Changes in Early Recurrent Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis After Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy for Lower Lumbar Segments
    Chi-Ho Kim, Pius Kim, Chang-Il Ju, Jong-Hun Seo
    Diagnostics.2025; 15(10): 1299.     CrossRef
  • Disc bulging predicts poor outcomes of decompression surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis
    Kyohei Kin, Akira Kusumegi, Masashi Chinen, Shohei Okamoto, Toshiharu Mitsuhashi, Yuichi Takahashi, Kenki Nishida
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(7): 3021.     CrossRef
  • Full-Endoscopic Spine Surgery : Its Roles and Limitations
    Yong Ahn
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2025; 68(5): 511.     CrossRef
  • Comparative Analysis of Biportal Endoscopic L5–S1 Foraminotomy Versus L5–S1 Fusion
    Seung Deok Sun, Hungyu Choi, Dong Hwa Heo, Won Joong Kim, Sung Kyun Oh, Jung Sug Kim, Min Jung Sun
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(Suppl 2): S218.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Results of Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis in Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis With Uniportal Endoscopic Decompression
    Liu Yu-Hsin, Chen Chia-Hsien
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(Suppl 2): S210.     CrossRef
  • Scoliosis Progression After Transforaminal Full-Endoscopic Lumbar Foraminotomy: A Case Presentation and Literature Review
    Saori Soeda, Masashi Kumon, Keisuke Nisihidono, Kosuke Sugiura, Masatoshi Morimoto, Hiroaki Manabe, Fumitake Tezuka, Kazuta Yamashita, Junzo Fujitani, Koichi Sairyo
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(Suppl 2): S202.     CrossRef
  • Fully Endoscopic Transforaminal Approach for L5–S1 Foraminal Stenosis: A Narrative Review
    Jong Hun Seo, Dong Joon Kim, Pius Kim, Chang Il Ju
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2024; 9(Suppl 2): S152.     CrossRef
  • 5,867 View
  • 213 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref

NASS/Neurospine Endoscopic Spine Surgery Special Issue

Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Adjacent 2-Level Foraminal Lesions Using a Single Approach (Sliding Technique)
Dong Hwa Heo, Ji Soo Ha, Jae Won Jang
Neurospine 2023;20(1):92-98.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346144.072

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Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Adjacent 2-Level Foraminal Lesions Using a Single Approach (Sliding Technique)
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):92-98.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346144.072
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Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Adjacent 2-Level Foraminal Lesions Using a Single Approach (Sliding Technique)
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):92-98.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346144.072
Close
Objective
Endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) using uniportal or biportal endoscopic approach has been performed for cervical foraminal stenosis or foraminal disc herniation. Two-level PCF is possible using a single biportal endoscopic approach. The purpose of this study was to present a technique of biportal endoscopic PCF for contiguous 2-level foraminal lesions using a single approach and its clinical results.
Methods
Patients who received 2-level PCF using a single biportal endoscopic approach were enrolled in this study. We analyzed their clinical data including age, sex, complications, and Neck Disability Index (NDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of neck and arm. Postoperative magnetic resonance image was taken on the first postoperative day to determine whether there was sufficient decompression.
Results
We successfully performed biportal endoscopic PCF for adjacent 2-level foraminal lesions using a single approach (sliding technique) in all 12 patients. There were cervical foraminal disc herniation with foraminal stenosis (5 cases) and 2-level foraminal stenosis (7 cases). Preoperative mean NDI and VAS of arm and neck significantly decreased at 12 months after surgery. Postoperative clinical outcomes were excellent in 5 patients, good in 6 patients, and fair in 1 patient. There was no major complication.
Conclusion
Two-level PCF could be performed using a single approach biportal endoscopic surgery with only 2 skin incisions. Clinical outcomes are favorable. This sliding PCF technique using biportal endoscopic approach might be an alternative surgical treatment for contiguous 2-level cervical foraminal pathologic lesions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Delta large-channel endoscopy versus unilateral biportal endoscopy for cervicothoracic junction disc herniation: a prospective randomized controlled trial
    Huaibin Wang, Hui Li, Rushuo Wei, Hao Yan, Ruzhan Yao, Weiqiang Liu, Ling Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Complications in Minimally Invasive Cervical Spine Surgery–Tubular, Uniportal, and Biportal Endoscopic Surgery (2013–2024)
    Noah Willett, Chibuikem A. Ikwuegbuenyi, Sean Inzerillo, Eesha Gurav, Mousa Hamad, Ibrahim Hussain, Alan Hernández-Hernández, Galal Elsayed, Osama Kashlan, Roger Härtl
    Spine.2026; 51(7): E175.     CrossRef
  • Técnica endoscópica interlaminar asistida por navegación para hernia discal C7-T1: abordaje mínimamente invasivo de la unión cervicotorácica. Reporte de caso
    José Carlos Sauri-Barraza, Eduardo Callejas-Ponce, Jorge Daniel Pérez-Ruiz, Luis Enrique Núñez-Alvarado, Luis Alfonso Castillejo-Adalid, Francisco García-Muñoz, Omar Castillejo-Adalid, Adrián Francisco Méndez-Delgado
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    Ju Eun Kim
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Review Article

NASS/Neurospine Endoscopic Spine Surgery Special Issue

Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Surgical Technique and Literature Review
Yong Ahn
Neurospine 2023;20(1):11-18.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346118.059

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Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Surgical Technique and Literature Review
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):11-18.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346118.059
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Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Surgical Technique and Literature Review
Neurospine. 2023;20(1):11-18.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346118.059
Close
The conventional surgical technique for radiculopathy with cervical disc herniation (CDH) is anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, with a good clinical outcome and fusion rate. However, significant perioperative morbidity related to extensive surgical exposure has been reported. Therefore, anterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (AECD) using a working channel endoscope has been developed to reduce surgical complications and tissue damage. The objective of this study was to describe a cutting-edge technique for AECD of soft CDH. The primary indication is cervical radiculopathy with or without axial neck pain due to soft CDH. The surgical procedure consists of 2 parts: (1) a safe anterior percutaneous approach under fluoroscopic control and (2) selective endoscopic discectomy and foraminal decompression using specialized mechanical tools under endoscopic visualization. The clinical outcomes are comparable to those of conventional surgery and show the benefits of minimally invasive spine procedure. Perioperative data revealed typical minimalism, including reduced muscle damage, blood loss, operative time, and recovery time. With technical advancements in surgical instruments and optics, AECD will become more practical and safer. AECD is effective in selected CDH cases with cervical radiculopathy. However, high-quality clinical studies are needed to verify the effectiveness of this endoscopic cervical spinal procedure.

Citations

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    Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Jason Pittman, Sam Joseph, Choll Kim, Christopher Yeung, Alexander Vaccaro
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    Haijun Ma, Lijuan Zhan, Mingkui Shen, Zhongxin Tang, Jun Tan
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    Ahmed Majid Heydar, Masato Tanaka, Said Erkam Baykan, Mehmet Burak Yalçın, Uğur Özdemir, Abdülhalim Akar, Serdar Şirazi, Mustafa Kürklü
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    Jorge Felipe Ramírez León, Neal Angel Saji Rondan, José Gabriel Rugeles Ortíz, Carolina Ramírez Martínez, Nicolás Prada Ramírez, Viviana Marcela Plazas Bedoya, João Paulo Machado Bergamaschi, Gabriel Oswaldo Alonso Cuéllar
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Original Articles

Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery SMISS-Neurospine Special Issue

Comparative Analysis With Modified Inclined Technique for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy in Treating Cervical Osseous Foraminal Stenosis: Radiological and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Ji Yeon Kim, Dong Hwa Heo, Dong Chan Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Choon Keun Park
Neurospine 2022;19(3):603-615.   Published online September 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244268.134

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Comparative Analysis With Modified Inclined Technique for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy in Treating Cervical Osseous Foraminal Stenosis: Radiological and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Neurospine. 2022;19(3):603-615.   Published online September 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244268.134
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Comparative Analysis With Modified Inclined Technique for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy in Treating Cervical Osseous Foraminal Stenosis: Radiological and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Neurospine. 2022;19(3):603-615.   Published online September 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2244268.134
Close
Objective
We compared the midterm clinical and radiological outcomes between 2 types of full endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy, including conventional posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF) and modified inclined technique for PECF.
Methods
One of the 2 types of PECF surgery was performed for defined cervical foraminal stenosis. The foraminal expansion ratio and facet resection rate and foraminal stenosis grade were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, neck disability index, MacNab criteria, operation time, hospital stay, and complications, including postoperative dysesthesia, were assessed. Clinical and radiological parameters were compared between the 2 surgical groups.
Results
There were 49 and 46 patients in the PECF and modified-PECF groups, respectively. The modified-PECF group showed significantly higher expansion of distal foraminal diameter and foraminal height, and a lower facet resection rate compared to PECF group (in all, p < 0.001). The modified-PECF group displayed significantly lower VAS score for neck pain at 1 day and 1 week after surgery and lower arm pain VAS score after 6-month follow-up (p = 0.002, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively).
Conclusion
Compared with the PECF, the modified inclined technique has radiologic benefits, including enhanced facet joint preservation, restoration of the natural course of nerve roots, and prevention of restenosis by expanding the superior articular process base, especially in grade 2 foraminal stenosis. Furthermore, the modified inclined technique significantly improved the postoperative VAS score for neck pain within the 1-week follow-up and that of arm pain after 6-month follow-up.

Citations

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  • Full-endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy: Case-series and technical nuances
    Sameer Nazeeruddin, Jean-Yves Fournier, Alexandre Simonin
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    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Algorithmic Approach to Combined Standard and Inclinatory Foraminotomy via Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy for Cervical Foraminal Stenosis Using Sagittal-Oblique Computed Tomography
    Malcolm Darayes Pestonji, Sharvari Rajendra Gunjotikar, Sucheta Tirpude, Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2026; 11(Suppl 1): S177.     CrossRef
  • CLINICAL AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF POSTERIOR ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY ON THE CERVICAL SPINE IN THE TREATMENT OF CERVICAL PATHOLOGIES
    Lina Marcia de Araujo Herval, Kelsen de Oliveira Teixeira, Fernando Flores de Araújo, Edgar Takao Utino, Rangel Roberto de Assis, André Luis Rousselet Lafratta, Diogo Sales Archangel dos Santos, Jorge Luis Garcia Ferrabone, Victor da Silva Pereira, Wilson
    Coluna/Columna.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Junseok Bae, Pratyush Shahi, Sang-Ho Lee, Han-Joong Keum, Ju-Wan Seok, Yong-Soo Choi, Jin-Sung Kim
    Neurospine.2025; 22(1): 118.     CrossRef
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    Deokcheol Lee, Kazuo Ohmori, Reiko Yoneyama, Takuro Endo, Yasuhiro Endo
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    Ji Yeon Kim, Su Yong Choi, Kyoung Mo Kim
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    Dong Hwa Heo, Jin Hwa Eum
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    Neurospine.2023; 20(1): 129.     CrossRef
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    Dong Hwa Heo, Ji Soo Ha, Jae Won Jang
    Neurospine.2023; 20(1): 92.     CrossRef
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    Young-Rak Kim, Jun-Hoe Kim, Tae-Hwan Park, Hangeul Park, Sum Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Chun Kee Chung, Chi Heon Kim
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2023; 8(2): 153.     CrossRef
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    Woon-Tak Yuh, You-Sang Lee, Il Choi
    Bioengineering.2023; 10(12): 1363.     CrossRef
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  • 15 Web of Science
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Comparative Analysis of 3 Types of Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Foraminal Stenosis, Uniportal-, Biportal Endoscopy, and Microsurgery: Radiologic and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Ji Yeon Kim, Hyun Jin Hong, Dong Chan Lee, Tae Hyun Kim, Jin Seob Hwang, Choon Keun Park
Neurospine 2022;19(1):212-223.   Published online February 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142942.471

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Comparative Analysis of 3 Types of Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Foraminal Stenosis, Uniportal-, Biportal Endoscopy, and Microsurgery: Radiologic and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Neurospine. 2022;19(1):212-223.   Published online February 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142942.471
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Comparative Analysis of 3 Types of Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Foraminal Stenosis, Uniportal-, Biportal Endoscopy, and Microsurgery: Radiologic and Midterm Clinical Outcomes
Neurospine. 2022;19(1):212-223.   Published online February 2, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142942.471
Close
Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of 3 types of minimally invasive posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF): uniportal endoscopic surgery, biportal endoscopic surgery, and microsurgery.
Methods
Between January 2019 to January 2020, PCF was performed using 3 different approaches to treat foraminal stenosis. The foraminal expansion rate, facet resection rate, and surgical foraminal approach angle were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, neck disability index (NDI), MacNab criteria, operation time, hospital stay, and complications were assessed. Clinical and radiologic parameters were compared among the 3 surgical groups.
Results
There were 38, 30, and 50 patients in the uniportal endoscopy, biportal endoscopy, and microscopy groups, respectively. Microscopy group displayed significantly higher foraminal expansion compared to uniportal endoscopy group (p = 0.001). Facet resection rates and inclination angle for facet joint undercutting were significantly different among the 3 groups. Uniportal endoscopy group had the highest inclination angle and the least facet resection. On the 6 months and final follow-up, VAS scores and NDI were significantly lower in the uniportal endoscopy group than in the microscopy group (p = 0.000).
Conclusion
All 3 types of PCF displayed favorable clinical outcomes and sufficient expansion of the midforaminal area. Two endoscopy groups showed a significantly higher inclination angle for undercutting the facet joint and a lower facet resection rate than the microscopy group. Reduced facet joint resection using an inclinatory approach did not interfere with sufficient foraminal expansion and enhanced the clinical result after 6 months of follow-up.

Citations

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    Jason K. Lim, Marium Raza, Do H. Lim, Samuel Kim, Jeffrey M. Breton, David Zhao, Patrick Kim, Mani N. Nair, Christoph P. Hofstetter, Byeong Cheol Rim
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2026; 69(1): 81.     CrossRef
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    Huaibin Wang, Hui Li, Rushuo Wei, Hao Yan, Ruzhan Yao, Weiqiang Liu, Ling Li
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kareem S. Mohamed, Mark Kurapatti, Ethan Yang, Husni Alasadi, Wasil Ahmed, Ryan A. Lamidi, Suhas K. Etigunta, Akiro H. Duey, Bashar Zaidat, Brian H. Cho, Daniel C. Berman, Joshua Lee, Junho Song, Samuel K. Cho
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    Idris Gurpinar, Mehmet Yigit Akgun, Furkan Almas, Ozkan Ates
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    Tomasz Sienkiel, Barbara Jasiewicz, Dominik Taterra, Marcin Gąska, Przemysław Koszyk, Klemens Machajewski, Artur Gądek
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    Chun-Ru Lin, Sung Huang Laurent Tsai, Ta-Wei Yu, Po-Cheng Lin, Zheng-Da Tsai, Kuo-Hao Lee, Tsai-Sheng Fu, Po-Liang Lai, Tsung-Ting Tsai, Yung-Hsueh Hu
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(1): 380.     CrossRef
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    Zhongjie Li, Wenming Zhou, Jian Liang, Qilong He, Yaohong He, Yugang Guo, Xin Zhang, Wende Zhuang, Li Huang, Qiqi Fan, Jinman Liu
    World Neurosurgery.2025; 194: 123386.     CrossRef
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    Shin-Jae Kim, Sang-Ho Lee, Junseok Bae
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Anatomical Importance Between Neural Structure and Bony Landmark: Clinical Importance for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy
Ji Yeon Kim, Dae Hwan Kim, Yeon Jin Lee, Jun Bok Jeon, Su Yong Choi, Hyeun Sung Kim, Il-Tae Jang
Neurospine 2021;18(1):139-146.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040440.220

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Anatomical Importance Between Neural Structure and Bony Landmark: Clinical Importance for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2021;18(1):139-146.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040440.220
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Anatomical Importance Between Neural Structure and Bony Landmark: Clinical Importance for Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2021;18(1):139-146.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040440.220
Close
Objective
Posterior endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (PECF) is a well-established, minimally invasive surgery for cervical radiculopathy, but have the more chances of neural structure damage due to the limited visibility and steeper learning curve. So, the anatomical understanding of the nerve associated with the bony structure will be an essential surgical guideline.
Methods
We measured the distance between the bilateral dura lateral edge and bilateral V-point on axial cuts of cervical magnetic resonance imaging and 3-dimensional spine computed tomography imaging, respectively, from 80 patients. We then calculate the distance and position between the dura lateral edge and the V-point as surgically critical width (SCW). Transverse interdural distance (TIDW), transverse inter-V-point distance, and anatomical facet joint width were measured.
Results
The mean TIDW decreased as the levels down in the 40s–60s but increased at the C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7 levels in the 70s. Statistically significant difference was shown at the C6–7 level between the 40s and the 70s. The mean anatomical inter-V-point distance markedly decreased at C5–6 and continued till the C7–Tl level at all age groups. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was shown at the C3–4 and C4–5 level between the 40s and the 70s. The mean negative values of SCW increased from the 40s to 70s at the C5–6 and C6–7 levels (C5–6: -0.60 ± 1.10 mm to -1.63 ± 1.56 mm; C6–7: -0.90 ± 0.74 mm to -2.18 ± 1.25 mm). There were statistically significant differences between the 2 aged groups at the C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7 levels.
Conclusion
A prediction of the correlated position between the lateral dura edge and the V-point is essential for the PECF not to injure the neural structure. In the case of a performing the PECF at the C5–6 and C6–7 level in the old-aged patient, it should be considered the laterally moved dura edge, and more extended bony remove is needed for less neural structure damage.

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Case Report: Technical Note

The Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: Technical Report and Preliminary Results
Kwan-Su Song, Chul-Woo Lee
Neurospine 2020;17(Suppl 1):S145-S153.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040228.114

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The Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: Technical Report and Preliminary Results
Neurospine. 2020;17(Suppl 1):S145-S153.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040228.114
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The Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy: Technical Report and Preliminary Results
Neurospine. 2020;17(Suppl 1):S145-S153.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040228.114
Close
The purpose of the current study was to introduce a surgical technique for posterior cervical inclinatory foraminotomy (PCIF) using a percutaneous biportal endoscopic (BE) approach. Consecutive 7 patients underwent BE-PCIF for their cervical radiculopathy. Postoperative radiologic images (x-rays, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) were evaluated postoperatively for optimal neural decompression status and stability. A visual analogue scale (VAS) for the arm pain and the Neck Disability Index were used to evaluate clinical results in the preoperative and postoperative periods. Mean follow-up periods were 6.42 ± 2.99 months. The mean operative time was 101.42 ± 49.30 minutes. Postoperative MRI and CT revealed complete removal of herniated discs and ideal neural decompression of the treated segments in all patients. Disc height and stability were preserved on postoperative x-rays. Preoperative VAS and Oswestry Disability Index scores improved significantly after the surgery. BE-PCIF may be an effective surgical treatment of the cervical radiculopathic lesions, which provides successful surgical decompression as far as distal part of foramen with better operative view and more easy surgical manipulation. This approach may also minimize iatrogenic damages of the posterior cervical musculo-ligamentous structures and help to maximize the preservation of the facet joint.

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Review and Technical Note

Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: Review and Technical Note
Chao Zhang, Junlong Wu, Wenjie Zheng, Changing Li, Yue Zhou
Neurospine 2020;17(Suppl 1):S74-S80.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040166.083

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Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: Review and Technical Note
Neurospine. 2020;17(Suppl 1):S74-S80.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040166.083
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Posterior Endoscopic Cervical Decompression: Review and Technical Note
Neurospine. 2020;17(Suppl 1):S74-S80.   Published online July 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040166.083
Close
Endoscopic spine surgery for the treatment of degenerative spinal diseases from lumbar to cervical spine has accelerated over the past 2 decades. Posterior endoscopic cervical discectomy (PECD) has been described as a safe, effective, and minimally invasive procedure for cervical radiculopathy or even part of the myelopathy. This procedure also has been validated with comparable outcomes to open and microscopic surgery. Radiculopathy due to foraminal disc herniation or foraminal stenosis should be the optimum indications of this procedure. Intraoperative 3-dimensional navigation can help surgeons to get quick and great quality guidance for endoscopic surgeons. In this review, we will focus on the technical details and evidence-based results of PECD which is a promising procedure for cervical radiculopathy with the advantages of a minimally invasive method.

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Original Article

Anatomical Relationship of the Vertebral Artery With the Lateral Recess: Clinical Importance for Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Sung Woon Oh, Ravindra Singh, Nitin Maruti Adsul, Jung Hoon Noh, Jun Hwan Park, Hyeun-Sung Kim, Il-Tae Jang, Seong Hoon Oh
Neurospine 2019;16(1):34-40.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836304.152

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Anatomical Relationship of the Vertebral Artery With the Lateral Recess: Clinical Importance for Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2019;16(1):34-40.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836304.152
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Anatomical Relationship of the Vertebral Artery With the Lateral Recess: Clinical Importance for Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Neurospine. 2019;16(1):34-40.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836304.152
Close
Objective
Vertebral artery injuries during posterior cervical foraminotomy are rare, but can be fatal. Therefore, we investigated the anatomical correlation between the lateral recess and the vertebral artery.
Methods
On axial cuts of cervical magnetic resonance imaging from 108 patients, we measured the distance between the vertebral arteries and the medial border of the facet joints. The anatomical vertebro-facet distance (AVFD), surgical vertebro-facet distance (SVFD), and vertebro-facet angle (VFA) were measured.
Results
The mean AVFD values on the right side at the C3–4, C4–5, C5–6, and C6–7 levels showed statistically significant differences. On the right side, the mean SVFD values were equivalent to the AVFD values. The mean values of the VFA on the right side at all levels showed statistically significant differences. For all measurements, the greatest differences were seen between the C5–6 and C6–7 levels, and higher levels were associated with smaller distances from the lateral recess. The mean values of the AVFD on the right and left sides showed statistically significant differences at all levels, and the distances on the left were smaller than those on the right.
Conclusion
The vertebral artery is closer to the lateral recess at higher cervical levels than at lower cervical levels. The largest distances were found at the C5–6 and C6–7 levels, and the left vertebral arteries were closer to the lateral recess than the right vertebral arteries.

Citations

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  • Complications in Full-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Preventive Strategies
    Vit Kotheeranurak, Pramod V. Lokhande, Thanadol Tangdamrongtham, Teerachat Tassanasoomboon, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Weerasak Singhatanadgige, Worawat Limthongkul, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Yanting Liu, Jin-Sung Kim, Surachat Jaroenwareekul
    Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(7): 3379.     CrossRef
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    Florian Wanivenhaus, Christoph Johannes Laux, Sohrab Gollogly, Jin-Sung Kim, Mazda Farshad
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(2): 289.     CrossRef
  • Minimally Invasive Microscopic C5-6 Foraminotomy and Discectomy: Operative Nuances
    Het Shah, Manoj Phalak
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    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2023; 8(Suppl 1): S9.     CrossRef
  • Cervical kinematic change after posterior full-endoscopic cervical foraminotomy for disc herniation or foraminal stenosis
    Seungyoon Paik, Yunhee Choi, Chun Kee Chung, Young Il Won, Sung Bae Park, Seung Heon Yang, Chang-Hyun Lee, John Min Rhee, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Chi Heon Kim, Thamer Hamdan
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(2): e0281926.     CrossRef
  • Fully-Endoscopic Posterior Cervical 2-Level Foraminotomy With Total Pediculectomy for Adjacent-Level Foraminal Stenosis in Severe Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Technical Note With 1-Year Follow-up
    Hyeun-Sung Kim, Harshavardhan Dilip Raorane, Jin Woo An, Yeon Jin Yi, Il Tae Jang
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2023; 8(Suppl 1): S92.     CrossRef
  • Overview and Prevention of Complications During Full-Endoscopic Cervical Spine Surgery
    Young-Rak Kim, Jun-Hoe Kim, Tae-Hwan Park, Hangeul Park, Sum Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Chun Kee Chung, Chi Heon Kim
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2023; 8(2): 153.     CrossRef
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  • 423 Download
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Clinical Articles

Radiologic Changes of Operated and Adjacent Segments after Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy
Jang Ho Ahn, Moon Sun Park, Seong Min Kim, Seung Young Chung, Do Sung Lee, Ki Seok Park
Korean J Spine 2016;13(3):134-138.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2016.13.3.134

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Radiologic Changes of Operated and Adjacent Segments after Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2016;13(3):134-138.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2016.13.3.134
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Radiologic Changes of Operated and Adjacent Segments after Anterior Cervical Microforaminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2016;13(3):134-138.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2016.13.3.134
Close
Objective

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy (ACMF) is a motion-preserving surgical procedure. The purpose of this study is to assess radiologic changes of operated and adjacent segments after ACMF.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent ACMF between 1998 and 2008. From X-ray film-based changes, disc height and sagittal range of motion (ROM) of operated and adjacent segments were compared at preoperative and last follow-up periods. Radiological degeneration of both segments was analyzed as well.

Results

The mean follow-up period was 48.2 months. There were 78 operated, 52 upper adjacent, and 38 lower adjacent segments. There were statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of operated segment between preoperative and last follow-up periods. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the ROM and disc height of adjacent segment between both periods. Radiological degenerative changes of operated segments were observed in 30%. That of adjacent segments was observed in 11 and 11% at upper and lower segments, respectively.

Conclusion

After mean 4-year follow-up periods, there were degenerative changes of operated segments. However, ACMF preserved motion and prevented degenerative changes of adjacent segments.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Clinical and radiological outcomes of anterior cervical foraminotomy: Insights from a pioneering Australian case series and systematic review
    Jiahua Huang, Daniel Liu, Keshan Murugananthan, Saeed Kohan
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2025; 142: 111698.     CrossRef
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    Yong Ahn
    Neurospine.2023; 20(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Long-term Radiological Evidence of Affected and Adjacent Segment Disease after Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy
    Yasufumi OHTAKE, Junya HANAKITA, Toshiyuki TAKAHASHI, Manabu MINAMI, Hirohiko NAKAMURA, Taigo KAWAOKA
    Neurologia medico-chirurgica.2020; 60(10): 492.     CrossRef
  • 9,634 View
  • 109 Download
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Long Term Effect on Adjacent Segment Motion after Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Tack Geun Cho, Young Baeg Kim, Seung Won Park
Korean J Spine 2014;11(1):1-6.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2014.11.1.1

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Long Term Effect on Adjacent Segment Motion after Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2014;11(1):1-6.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2014.11.1.1
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Long Term Effect on Adjacent Segment Motion after Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy
Korean J Spine. 2014;11(1):1-6.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2014.11.1.1
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Objective

Posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF) is a motion-preserving surgical technique. The objective was to determine whether PCF alter cervical motion as a long-term influence.

Methods

Thirty one patients who followed up more than 36 months after PCF for cervical radiculopathy from January 2004 to September 2008 were enrolled in this study. The range of motion (ROM) of whole cervical spine, the operated segment, the cranial and the caudal adjacent segment were obtained. The clinical result and the change of ROMs were compared with those in the patients performed anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) during the same period.

Results

In PCF group, the ROM of whole cervical spine had no significant difference in statistically at preoperative and last follow up. The operated segment ROM was significantly decreased from 11.02±5.72 to 8.82±6.65 (p<0.05). The ROM of cranial adjacent segment was slightly increased from 10.42±5.13 to 11.02±5.41 and the ROM of caudal adjacent segment was decreased from 9.44±6.26 to 8.73±5.92, however these data were not meaningful statistically. In ACDF group, the operated ROM was decreased and unlike in PCF group, especially the ROM of caudal adjacent segment was increased from 9.39±4.21 to 11.33±5.07 (p<0.01).

Conclusion

As part of the long-term effects of PCF on cervical motion, the operated segment motions decreased but were preserved after PCF. However, unlikely after ACDF, the ROMs of the adjacent segment did not increase after PCF. PCF, by maintaining the motion of the operated segment, imposes less stress on the adjacent segments. This may be one of its advantages.

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