Skip to main navigation Skip to main content
  • E-Submission
  • Contact us

NS : Neurospine

OPEN ACCESS
Search
Advanced Search
ABOUT
BROWSE ARTICLES
FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Page Path

12
results for

"Risk factors"

Article category

Publication year

More +

Keywords

More +

Authors

More +

Funded articles

"Risk factors"

Original Articles

Lumbar Spine

Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Mohamed A.R. Soliman, Hendrick Francois, Alexander O. Aguirre, Asham Khan, Waeel Hamouda, Stipe Ćorluka, Zorica Buser, Samuel K. Cho, S. Tim Yoon, AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Neurospine 2026;23(1):42-58.   Published online January 31, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2551242.621

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Neurospine. 2026;23(1):42-58.   Published online January 31, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2551242.621
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Neurospine. 2026;23(1):42-58.   Published online January 31, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2551242.621
Close
Objective
Lumbar discectomy is one of the most frequently undertaken procedures for the management of lumbar disc herniation. However, it may be complicated by recurrent disc herniation, with reported rates as high as 25%. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the largest systematic review to date, analyzing the clinical and radiographic risk factors for recurrent disc herniation.
Methods
A systematic literature search of Embase and PubMed/Medline, covering the period from inception to October 1, 2025, was conducted to identify case-control or cohort studies reporting risk factors for recurrent disc herniation. Risk factors were classified into baseline, clinical, and radiographic risk factors. Meta-analysis was performed for any reported risk factor with data from 3 or more studies. The assessment included an evaluation of publication bias and heterogeneity.
Results
A total of 51 studies published during the search timeframe, comprising 52,479 patients, met the inclusion criteria. Recurrent disc herniation occurred in 6,794 patients (12.9%). Significant risk factors for disc herniation included high body mass index (BMI) (standard mean difference [SMD], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.70), diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 1.48; 95% CI, 1.23–1.77), increased sagittal range of motion (SMD, 2.15; 95% CI, 0.35–3.94), and Modic changes (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 2.20–4.01). No other significant predictors for recurrent disc herniation were identified.
Conclusion
In conclusion, patients with high BMI, diabetics, increased sagittal range of motion, and presence of Modic changes are at increased risk of recurrent disc herniation. Future prospective studies are needed to validate the risk factors identified in this study associated with recurrent disc herniation.
  • 2,531 View
  • 147 Download
  • 1 Web of Science

Spinal Deformity

Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: Risk Factor Analysis of 196 Cases Undergoing Low Thoracic to Pelvic Fusion
Se-Jun Park, Jin-Sung Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Minwook Kang, Kyunghun Jung, Chong-Suh Lee
Neurospine 2024;21(4):1080-1090.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448734.367

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: Risk Factor Analysis of 196 Cases Undergoing Low Thoracic to Pelvic Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1080-1090.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448734.367
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: Risk Factor Analysis of 196 Cases Undergoing Low Thoracic to Pelvic Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(4):1080-1090.   Published online December 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448734.367
Close
Objective
To identify the risk factors for proximal junctional failure (PJF) after adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery despite ideal sagittal correction according to age-adjusted alignment target.
Methods
The study included patients who underwent low thoracic to pelvic fusion for ASD and obtained ideal correction according to age-adjusted pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis. PJF was defined either radiographically as a proximal junctional angle (PJA) of >28° plus a difference in PJA of >22° or clinically as revision surgery for proximal junctional complications. Clinical and radiographic variables were assessed to identify the risk factors for PJF.
Results
The final study cohort consisted of 196 patients, of whom 170 were women (86.7%), with an average age of 68.3 years. During mean follow-up duration of 45.9 months, PJF occurred in 43 patients (21.9%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.063; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.001–1.129; p=0.046), large preoperative sagittal vertical axis (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.001–1.013; p=0.024), nonuse of a transverse process (TP) hook (OR, 5.556; 95% CI, 1.205–19.621; p=0.028), and high lumbar distribution index (LDI) (OR, 1.136; 95% CI, 1.109–1.164; p<0.001) were significant risk factors for PJF development.
Conclusion
A sizeable proportion of patients (21.9%) developed PJF despite achieving ideal sagittal correction. Using TP hooks with avoiding excessive LDI can be helpful to further mitigate the risk of PJF development in this patient group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Association between lumbar lordosis and proximal junctional failure following adult spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Abdullah M. Alharran, AbdulMuhsen AlQallaf, Mohammad Mohammad, Mohammad Salem Alajmi, Mohammad Alkaak, Salem Y. Alenezi, Fahad Mohammad, Ahmad Al Ahmad, Nizar Algarni, Yousef Marwan
    Spine Deformity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Utility of Enabling Technologies in Spinal Deformity Surgery: Optimizing Surgical Planning and Intraoperative Execution to Maximize Patient Outcomes
    Nora C. Kim, Eli Johnson, Christopher DeWald, Nathan Lee, Timothy Y. Wang
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(15): 5377.     CrossRef
  • Postoperative L1 Tilt as a Predictor of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Following Lower Thoracic Spine-to-Pelvis Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity
    Se-Jun Park, Jin-Sung Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Kyunghun Jung, Minwook Kang, Chong-Suh Lee
    Spine.2025; 50(24): 1769.     CrossRef
  • From the Editor-in-Chief: Featured Articles in the December 2024 Issue
    Inbo Han
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1051.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors, Biomechanics, and Prevention Strategies for Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery – A Commentary on “Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignm
    Lee A. Tan
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1094.     CrossRef
  • New Insights Into Risk Factors for Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery – A Commentary on “Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients
    Masayuki Miyagi, Gen Inoue, Masashi Takaso
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1091.     CrossRef
  • 6,737 View
  • 290 Download
  • 6 Crossref

Special Issue With Global Spine Journal

Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Outcomes Requiring Additional Intervention Following Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Worawat Limthongkul, Bandid Chaiwongwattana, Stephen J. Kerr, Teerachat Tanasansomboon, Vit Kotheeranurak, Wicharn Yingsakmongkol, Weerasak Singhatanadgige
Neurospine 2024;21(3):845-855.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448344.172

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Outcomes Requiring Additional Intervention Following Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):845-855.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448344.172
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Risk Factors of Unsatisfactory Outcomes Requiring Additional Intervention Following Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion
Neurospine. 2024;21(3):845-855.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2448344.172
Close
Objective
Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is a minimally invasive procedure for stabilizing the spine and indirectly decompressing the neural elements. There is sparse data on unsatisfactory outcomes that require additional interventions (surgery or intervention) after OLIF. This study aimed to identify the causes, and risk factors of these reintervention.
Methods
This was a single-center retrospective study of the patients who underwent the OLIF procedure from June 2016 to March 2023. Several clinical and radiographic parameters were studied. We also analyzed associations between several potential risk factors and the reintervention following OLIF.
Results
A total of 231 patients were included. Over an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, 28 patients (12.1%) required a reintervention. Adjacent segment disease (ASD) was the most common cause of reintervention. The risk factors associated with reintervention were previous surgery (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–16.33; p=0.02) and high preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores (aOR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00–1.08; p=0.03). Although increasing the duration of follow-up was not statistically significant, the 95% CI was consistent with an increased risk of reintervention with longer follow-up (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.94–1.50).
Conclusion
This study showed that patients with prior lumbar surgery and high preoperative ODI scores were more likely to require additional intervention after the OLIF procedure. In addition, an increasing duration of follow-up was associated with an increased risk of reintervention. The most common reason for reintervention was ASD after OLIF.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Three Cases of Indirect Decompression Failure Following Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion Requiring Early Direct Posterior Decompression: Analysis of Etiologies and Literature Review
    Satoshi Hattori, Satoru Matsutani
    Cureus.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,030 View
  • 107 Download
  • 1 Crossref

Review Article

Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: An In-depth Review
Mitsuru Yagi, Kento Yamanouchi, Naruhito Fujita, Haruki Funao, Shigeto Ebata
Neurospine 2023;20(3):876-889.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346566.283

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: An In-depth Review
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):876-889.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346566.283
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: An In-depth Review
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):876-889.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346566.283
Close
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery aims to correct abnormal spinal curvature in adults, leading to improved functionality and reduced pain. However, this surgery is associated with various complications, one of which is proximal junctional failure (PJF). PJF can have a significant impact on a patient’s quality of life, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its causes and the development of effective management strategies. This review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of PJF in ASD surgery. PJF is a complex complication resulting from a multitude of factors including patient characteristics, surgical techniques, and postoperative management. Age, osteoporosis, overcorrection of sagittal alignment, and poor bone quality are identified as significant risk factors. The clinical implications of PJF are substantial, often requiring revision surgery and causing a considerable decrease in patients’ quality of life. Prevention strategies include careful preoperative planning, appropriate patient selection, and optimization of surgical techniques. Treatment often necessitates a multifaceted approach, including surgical intervention and the management of underlying risk factors. Predictive modeling is an emerging field that may offer a promising avenue for the risk stratification of patients and individualized preventive strategies. A thorough understanding of PJF’s pathogenesis, risk factors, and clinical implications is essential for surgeons involved in ASD surgery. Current preventive measures and treatment strategies aim to mitigate the risk and manage the complications of PJF, but the complication cannot be entirely prevented. Future research should focus on the development of more effective preventive and treatment strategies, and predictive models could be valuable in this pursuit.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Relative influence of paraspinal muscularity and underlying bone quality on proximal junctional kyphosis and failure mode in patients undergoing thoracolumbar instrumented fusion
    Zach Pennington, Anthony L. Mikula, Abdelrahman Hamouda, Derrick Obiri-Yeboah, Michael L. Martini, Andrew J. Grossbach, Gabriella L. Paganucci, Ahmad N. Nassr, Brett A. Freedman, Arjun Sebastian, Jeremy L. Fogelson, Benjamin D. Elder
    Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2026; 261: 109286.     CrossRef
  • Differential Risk Factors for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis Between T8-T10 and T11-L1 Upper Instrumented Vertebrae in Adult Spinal Deformity
    Se-Jun Park, Jin-Sung Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Chong-Suh Lee
    Neurosurgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Neurologic deficits due to proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity surgery: how often do they happen and do they improve?
    Hani Chanbour, Alan R. Tang, Harsh Jain, Alexander T. Lyons, Soren Jonzzon, Iyan Younus, Steven G. Roth, Amir M. Abtahi, Byron F. Stephens, Scott L. Zuckerman
    Spine Deformity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association between lumbar lordosis and proximal junctional failure following adult spinal deformity surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Abdullah M. Alharran, AbdulMuhsen AlQallaf, Mohammad Mohammad, Mohammad Salem Alajmi, Mohammad Alkaak, Salem Y. Alenezi, Fahad Mohammad, Ahmad Al Ahmad, Nizar Algarni, Yousef Marwan
    Spine Deformity.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparison of Hook Fixation and Vertebroplasty for Prevention of Proximal Junctional Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Sung Tan Cho, Jae Hwan Cho, Dong-Ho Lee, Chang Ju Hwang, Sehan Park, Jin Hwan Kim, Wongthawat Liawrungrueang
    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Proximal junctional kyphosis above long spinal fusions
    Léonard Chatelain, Abbas Dib, Louise Ponchelet, Emmanuelle Ferrero
    Orthopaedics & Traumatology: Surgery & Research.2025; 111(1): 104065.     CrossRef
  • Sex-Specific Influence of Preoperative Musculoskeletal Characteristics on Postoperative Outcomes in Lumbar Spinal Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
    Seungjun Ryu, Danbi Park, Ji Yeon Baek, Chongman Kim, Hong Kyung Shin, Sun Woo Jang, Jeoung Hee Kim, Sung Woo Roh, Jin Hoon Park
    World Neurosurgery.2025; 194: 123435.     CrossRef
  • The Paraspinal Sarcopenia at the Upper Instrumented Vertebra Is a Predictor of Discoligamentous but Not Bony Proximal Junctional Kyphosis
    Zach Pennington, Anthony L. Mikula, Abdelrahman Hamouda, Maria Astudillo Potes, Ahmad Nassr, Brett A. Freedman, Arjun S. Sebastian, Jeremy L. Fogelson, Benjamin D. Elder
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(4): 1207.     CrossRef
  • Immediate Postoperative Change in the Upper Instrumented Screw-Vertebra Angle is a Predictor for Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure
    Riza M. Cetik, Steven D. Glassman, John R. Dimar, Charles H. Crawford, Jeffrey L. Gum, Jensen Smith, Nicole McGrath, Leah Y. Carreon
    Spine.2025; 50(5): 304.     CrossRef
  • The association between lower Hounsfield units of the upper instrumented vertebra and proximal junctional failure after limited lumbar fusion for adult spinal deformity
    Hiroshi Moridaira, Satoshi Inami, Masahiko Takahata, Daisaku Takeuchi, Haruki Ueda, Takuya Iimura, Tomoya Kanto, Satoshi Takada, Kazuo Doi, Hiroshi Taneichi
    BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Harnessing machine learning to predict and prevent proximal junctional kyphosis and failure in adult spinal deformity surgery: A systematic review
    Paolo Brigato, Gianluca Vadalà, Sergio De Salvatore, Leonardo Oggiano, Giuseppe Francesco Papalia, Fabrizio Russo, Rocco Papalia, Pier Francesco Costici, Vincenzo Denaro
    Brain and Spine.2025; 5: 104273.     CrossRef
  • A comprehensive review of risk factors and prevention strategies: how to minimize mechanical complications in corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity
    Jin-Sung Park, Hyun-Jun Kim, Se-Jun Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Chong-Suh Lee
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(3): 463.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between postoperative proximal junctional kyphosis and MRI-based pedicle bone quality scores in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
    Junhu Li, Qiujiang Li, Linnan Wang, Zhipeng Deng, Shuxin Zheng, Lei Wang, Yueming Song
    BMC Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Early catastrophic proximal junctional fracture after spinal instrumentation in geriatric patients
    Celal Özbek Çakır, Murat Baloglu
    Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory.2025; 16(3): 586.     CrossRef
  • Radiologische Diagnostik bei Wirbelsäulentraumata in besonderen Konstellationen
    Umut Yilmaz, Malvina Garner
    Die Radiologie.2025; 65(11): 815.     CrossRef
  • Mitigating Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Failure: The Role of Tethering in a Multifactorial Problem – A Commentary on “Efficacy of Proximal Junctional Tethering in Spinal Fusion Surgery for Preventing Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Proximal Junctiona
    Niall Buckley, Ashel C. Dsouza, Lee A. Tan
    Neurospine.2025; 22(3): 678.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density: Correlating MRI Cervical Vertebral Bone Quality, CT Hounsfield Units, and DEXA T-Scores
    Rose Fluss, Riana Lo Bu, Alireza Karandish, Sertac Kirnaz, Rafael De la Garza Ramos, Saikiran G. Murthy, Reza Yassari, Yaroslav Gelfand
    Medical Sciences.2025; 13(4): 304.     CrossRef
  • Predicting proximal junctional failure in adult spinal deformity patients using machine learning models based on spinal alignment parameters
    Akihiko Hiyama, Daisuke Sakai, Hiroyuki Katoh, Masato Sato, Masahiko Watanabe
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Features of approximation of finite-element models of transpedicular spinal fixation and their computational efficiency
    Aleksey E. Shulga, Mikhail S. Korolev, Sergey P. Ivzhenko, Daniil M. Puchinyan, Vladimir S. Tolkachev, Stanislav D. Shuvalov
    Journal of Volgograd State Medical University.2025; 22(4): 107.     CrossRef
  • Optimizing Surgical Strategies for Preventing Proximal Junctional Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Operative Techniques in Adult Spinal Deformity
    HyungSub Jin, Kyung-Soo Suk, Byung Ho Lee, Si Young Park, Hak-Sun Kim, Seong-Hwan Moon, Sub-Ri Park, Namhoo Kim, Jae Won Shin, Ji-Won Kwon
    Neurospine.2025; 22(4): 1012.     CrossRef
  • Instrumentation Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
    David P. Falk, Ravi Agrawal, Bijan Dehghani, Rohit Bhan, Sachin Gupta, Munish C. Gupta
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4326.     CrossRef
  • Spinal alignment and surgical correction in the aging spine and osteoporotic patient
    Umesh S. Metkar, W. Jacob Lavelle, Kylan Larsen, Ram Haddas, William F. Lavelle
    North American Spine Society Journal (NASSJ).2024; 19: 100531.     CrossRef
  • Cyphose jonctionnelle proximale au-dessus des fusions rachidiennes étendues
    Léonard Chatelain, Abbas Dib, Louise Ponchelet, Emmanuelle Ferrero
    Revue de Chirurgie Orthopédique et Traumatologique.2024; 110(6): 761.     CrossRef
  • Optimizing preoperative bone health assessment for adult spinal deformity: a prospective correlation analysis of intraoperative pedicle screw insertion torque and imaging modalities in Japan
    Keishi Maruo, Fumihiro Arizumi, Tomoyuki Kusukawa, Masakazu Toi, Masaru Hatano, Tetsuto Yamaura, Kazuya Kishima, Toshiya Tachibana
    Asian Spine Journal.2024; 18(4): 532.     CrossRef
  • Proximal Junctional Degeneration and Failure Modes
    Riza M. Cetik, Steven D. Glassman, John R. Dimar, Mitchell J. Campbell, Mladen Djurasovic, Charles H. Crawford, Jeffrey L. Gum, R. Kirk Owens, Kathryn J. McCarthy, Leah Y. Carreon
    Spine.2024; 49(21): 1465.     CrossRef
  • Application of Transverse Process Hooks at Distal Thoracic Vertebrae in Uppermost Vertebral Instrumentation for Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Special Focus on Delayed-Onset Neurologic Deficits
    Sun-Joon Yoo, Hyun-Jun Jang, Bong Ju Moon, Jeong-Yoon Park, Sung Uk Kuh, Dong-Kyu Chin, Keun-Su Kim, Jun Jae Shin, Yoon Ha, Kyung-Hyun Kim
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1219.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors, Biomechanics, and Prevention Strategies for Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery – A Commentary on “Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignm
    Lee A. Tan
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1094.     CrossRef
  • Proximal Junctional Failure Development Despite Achieving Ideal Sagittal Correction According to Age-Adjusted Alignment Target in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: Risk Factor Analysis of 196 Cases Undergoing Low Thoracic to Pelvic Fusion
    Se-Jun Park, Jin-Sung Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Minwook Kang, Kyunghun Jung, Chong-Suh Lee
    Neurospine.2024; 21(4): 1080.     CrossRef
  • 12,427 View
  • 579 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 28 Crossref

Original Articles

Severe Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor of Early Readmission and Nonhome Discharge After Cervical Disc Replacement
Tejas Subramanian, Daniel Shinn, Pratyush Shahi, Izzet Akosman, Troy Amen, Omri Maayan, Eric Zhao, Kasra Araghi, Junho Song, Sidhant Dalal, James Dowdell, Sravisht Iyer, Sheeraz Qureshi
Neurospine 2023;20(3):890-898.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346442.221

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Severe Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor of Early Readmission and Nonhome Discharge After Cervical Disc Replacement
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):890-898.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346442.221
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Severe Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor of Early Readmission and Nonhome Discharge After Cervical Disc Replacement
Neurospine. 2023;20(3):890-898.   Published online September 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2346442.221
Close
Objective
Despite growing interest in cervical disc replacement (CDR) for conditions such as cervical radiculopathy, limited data exists describing the impact of obesity on early postoperative outcomes and complications. These data are especially important as nearly half of the adult population in the United States is expected to become obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) by 2030. The goal of this study was to compare the demographics, perioperative variables, and complication rates following CDR.
Methods
The 2005–2020 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program datasets were queried for patients who underwent primary 1- or 2-level CDR. Patients were divided into 3 cohorts: Nonobese (BMI: 18.5–29.9 kg/m2), Obese class-I (BMI: 30–34.9 kg/m2), Obese class-II/III (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2). Morbidity was defined as the presence of any complication within 30 days postoperatively. Rates of 30-day readmission, reoperation, morbidity, individual complications, length of stay, frequency of nonhome discharge disposition were collected.
Results
A total of 5,397 patients were included for analysis: 3,130 were nonobese, 1,348 were obese class I, and 919 were obese class II/III. There were more 2-level CDRs performed in the class II/III cohort compared to the nonobese group (25.7% vs. 21.5%, respectively; p < 0.05). Class-II/III had more nonhome discharges than class I and nonobese (2.1% vs. 0.5% vs. 0.7%, respectively; p < 0.001). Readmission rates differed as well (nonobese: 0.5%, class I: 1.1%, class II/III: 2.1%; p < 0.001) with pairwise significance between class II/II and nonobese. Class II/III obesity was an independent risk factor for both readmission (odds ratio [OR], 3.32; p = 0.002) and nonhome discharge (OR, 2.51; p = 0.02). Neither 30-day reoperation nor morbidity rates demonstrated significance. No mortalities were reported.
Conclusion
Although obese class-II/III were risk factors for 30-day readmission and nonhome discharge, there was no significant difference in reoperation rates or morbidity. CDR procedures can continue to be safely preformed independent of obesity status.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • The Impact of Obesity on Spine Surgery Operative Time: A Quantitative Analysis
    Haseeb E. Goheer, Mina Botros, Andrew R. Leggett, Gabriel Ramirez, Ram Haddas, Robert W. Molinari, Varun Puvanesarajah
    Global Spine Journal.2026; 16(2): 975.     CrossRef
  • Preoperative Disability Influences Effectiveness of Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State in Predicting Patient Improvement Following Cervical Spine Surgery
    Pratyush Shahi, Omri Maayan, Tejas Subramanian, Nishtha Singh, Sumedha Singh, Kasra Araghi, Olivia Tuma, Tomoyuki Asada, Maximilian Korsun, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, Sheeraz A. Qureshi, Sravisht Iyer
    Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(2): 884.     CrossRef
  • Obesity is an independent risk factor for postoperative pulmonary embolism after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
    Haseeb E. Goheer, Christopher G. Hendrix, Linsen T. Samuel, Alden H. Newcomb, Jonathan J. Carmouche
    The Spine Journal.2025; 25(2): 299.     CrossRef
  • Cervical disc arthroplasty is safe across various obesity levels
    Manjot Singh, Benjamin Chanes, Mariah Balmaceno-Criss, Alan H. Daniels, Andrew S Zhang
    The Spine Journal.2025; 25(4): 756.     CrossRef
  • Class 2/3 obesity leads to worse outcomes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
    Pratyush Shahi, Tejas Subramanian, Kasra Araghi, Maximilian K. Korsun, Sumedha Singh, Nishtha Singh, Olivia C. Tuma, Tomoyuki Asada, Annika Bay, Eric R. Zhao, Adin M. Ehrlich, Sereen Halayqeh, Tarek Harhash, Andrea Pezzi, Adrian Lui, Evan D. Sheha, James
    The Spine Journal.2025; 25(9): 1985.     CrossRef
  • Morbidly Obese Patients Have Similar Clinical Outcomes and Recovery Kinetics After Minimally Invasive Decompression
    Pratyush Shahi, Tejas Subramanian, Sumedha Singh, Kasra Araghi, Tomoyuki Asada, Maximilian Korsun, Nishtha Singh, Olivia Tuma, Chad Simon, Avani Vaishnav, Eric Mai, Joshua Zhang, Cole Kwas, Myles Allen, Eric Kim, Annika Heuer, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, S
    Spine.2025; 50(5): 318.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of 90-Day Unplanned Readmission After Lumbar Spine Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Disk Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jeong In Seol, Jeong Hoon Yoo, Hyeon Gyu Sung, Hyun Ho Park, Sung Hyeon Noh
    Neurosurgery.2025; 97(4): 908.     CrossRef
  • Single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is associated with higher nonroutine discharge rates compared to cervical disc arthroplasty in obese patients
    Paul G. Mastrokostas, Luke B. Schwartz, Eli Berglas, Aaron B. Lavi, Leonidas E. Mastrokostas, Jonathan Dalton, Christopher K. Kepler, Arya Varthi, Jad Bou Monsef, Afshin E. Razi, Mitchell K. Ng
    Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine.2025; 16(2): 205.     CrossRef
  • Thirty-day unplanned readmission rates and risk factors in spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Ya-Nan Gong, Mei-Qing Lin, Bi-Zhen Chen, Chen Wu, Qiu-Ling Zheng
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Anterior cervical surgery for morbidly obese patients should be performed in-hospitals
    Nancy E. Epstein, Marc A. Agulnick
    Surgical Neurology International.2024; 15: 2.     CrossRef
  • Practical Answers to Frequently Asked Questions in Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery for Degenerative Conditions
    Tejas Subramanian, Austin Kaidi, Pratyush Shahi, Tomoyuki Asada, Takashi Hirase, Avani Vaishnav, Omri Maayan, Troy B. Amen, Kasra Araghi, Chad Z. Simon, Eric Mai, Olivia C. Tuma, Ashley Yeo Eun Kim, Nishtha Singh, Maximillian K. Korsun, Joshua Zhang, Myle
    Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.2024; 32(18): e919.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Nonhome Discharge After Cervical Disc Replacement
    Tejas Subramanian, Junho Song, Yeo Eun Kim, Omri Maayan, Robert Kamil, Pratyush Shahi, Daniel Shinn, Sidhant Dalal, Kasra Araghi, Tomoyuki Asada, Troy B. Amen, Evan Sheha, James Dowdell, Sheeraz Qureshi, Sravisht Iyer
    Clinical Spine Surgery.2024; 37(7): E324.     CrossRef
  • Beyond the Label: Extended Indications for Cervical Disc Arthroplasty
    Annika Bay, Eric R. Zhao, Cole T. Kwas, Chad Z. Simon, Tomoyuki Asada, Sheeraz A. Qureshi
    Contemporary Spine Surgery.2024; 25(12): 1.     CrossRef
  • 4,648 View
  • 130 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Postoperative Hematoma Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Diseases
Hongwei Wang, Hailong Yu, Ning Zhang, Liangbi Xiang
Neurospine 2023;20(2):525-535.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2245066.533

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Postoperative Hematoma Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Diseases
Neurospine. 2023;20(2):525-535.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2245066.533
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management of Postoperative Hematoma Following Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Degenerative Cervical Diseases
Neurospine. 2023;20(2):525-535.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2245066.533
Close
Objective
Studies discussed few risk factors for specific patients, such as duration of disease; or surgical factors, such as duration and time of surgery; or C3 or C7 involvement, which could have led to the formation of hematomas (HTs). To investigate the incidence, risk factors especially the factors mentioned above, and management of postoperative HTs following anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACF) for degenerative cervical diseases.
Methods
Medical records of 1,150 patients who underwent ACF for degenerative cervical diseases at our hospital between 2013 and 2019 were identified and reviewed. Patients were categorized into the HT group (HT group) or normal group (no-HT group). Demographic, surgical and radiographic data were recorded prospectively to identify risk factors for HT.
Results
Postoperative HT was identified in 11 patients, with an incidence rate of 1.0% (11 of 1,150). HT occurred within 24 hours postoperatively in 5 patients (45.5%), while it occurred at an average of 4 days postoperatively in 6 patients (54.5%). Eight patients (72.7%) underwent HT evacuation; all patients were successfully treated and discharged. Smoking history (odds ratio [OR], 5.193; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.058–25.493; p = 0.042), preoperative thrombin time (TT) value (OR, 1.643; 95% CI, 1.104–2.446; p = 0.014) and antiplatelet therapy (OR, 15.070; 95% CI, 2.663–85.274; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors for HT. Patients with postoperative HT had longer days of first-degree/intensive nursing (p < 0.001) and greater hospitalization costs (p = 0.038).
Conclusion
Smoking history, preoperative TT value and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors for postoperative HT following ACF. High-risk patients should be closely monitored through the perioperative period. Postoperative HT in ACF was associated with longer days of first-degree/intensive nursing and more hospitalization costs.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Risk factors for symptomatic hematoma following cervical spine surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    ChenGuang Wang, ChengHan Xu, YinGang Zhang
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Clinical characteristics of cervical myelopathy and factors associated with severe disease among patients with cervical disc herniation in a tertiary center in Palestine
    Ahmed Daqour, Heyam Shakarneh, Tala Sharaqa, Ghaya Belih, Batoul Feeno, Iba Hmouz, Shahed Nasser, Abdulsalam Alkaiyat, Ahmad Rjoub, Mohammad Abuawad
    The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Novel Risk Factors for Postoperative Hematoma Requiring Reoperation Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
    Dana G. Rowe, Seeley Yoo, Connor Barrett, Emily Luo, Alissa Arango, Matthew Morris, Kerri-Anne Crowell, Russel R. Kahmke, C. Rory Goodwin, Melissa M. Erickson
    Clinical Spine Surgery.2025; 38(5): E234.     CrossRef
  • Incidence, risk factors and airway management of postoperative haematoma following anterior cervical spine surgery: a retrospective nested case-control study
    Yang Tian, Jiao Li, Guangjin Zhou, Mingya Wang, Yinyin Qu, Min Li, Jun Wang, Mao Xu, Shenglin Wang, Xiangyang Guo, Yongzheng Han
    BMJ Open.2025; 15(4): e090547.     CrossRef
  • Assessment of Clinical and Radiologic Outcomes of Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Inclinatory Foraminotomy : A Retrospective Cohort Study
    Kwan-Su Song, Pius Kim
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2025; 68(4): 446.     CrossRef
  • Incidence of Spinal Epidural Hematoma After Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Case Report
    Jerzy Gregorczyk, Negin Fani, Mikołaj Biegański, Jakub Mocarski, Pawel Kowalczyk, Piotr Dąbrowski, Rafał Górski, Mateusz Bielecki
    World Neurosurgery.2025; 203: 124442.     CrossRef
  • Outcome of thyroid surgery by applying a haemostatic agent with and without a drain
    S. M. Asikur Rahat, M. Mahmudul Hasan, M. Aminul I. Joarder, Rokebul H. Mazumdar, Nayeemun Akter, Ferdous Alam, Rajib Chowdhury, M. Shaukat Ali, Emdadul Hoque
    International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(12): 2096.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors and airway management of postoperative retropharyngeal hematoma following anterior cervical spine surgery: a retrospective study
    Yang Tian, Xixi Jia, Gang Li, Yongzheng Han, Xiangyang Guo, Min Li, Yinyin Qu, Mao Xu
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Screening patients requiring secondary lumbar surgery for degenerative lumbar spine diseases: a nationwide sample cohort study
    Hangeul Park, Juhee Lee, Yunhee Choi, Jun-Hoe Kim, Sum Kim, Young-Rak Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Sung Bae Park, Kyoung-Tae Kim, John M. Rhee, Chi Heon Kim
    Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The utility of intraoperative ultrasonography for spinal cord surgery
    Hangeul Park, Jun-Hoe Kim, Chang-Hyun Lee, Sum Kim, Young-Rak Kim, Kyung-Tae Kim, Ji-hoon Kim, John M. Rhee, Woo-Young Jo, Hyongmin Oh, Hee-Pyoung Park, Chi Heon Kim, Barry Kweh
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(7): e0305694.     CrossRef
  • Corticosteroid Effects on Upper Esophageal Sphincter Function in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
    Chih-Jun Lai, Jo-Yu Chen, Jing-Rong Jhuang, Ming-Yen Hsiao, Tyng-Guey Wang, Yu-Chang Yeh, Dar-Ming Lai, Fon-Yih Tsuang
    Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.2024; 106(23): 2241.     CrossRef
  • Limaprost and the Risk of Bleeding: A Self-Controlled Case Series Study
    Eun-Joo Lee, Han Eol Jeong, Yoosoo Chang, Ju-Young Shin
    Neurospine.2023; 20(4): 1490.     CrossRef
  • 8,586 View
  • 215 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Discectomy: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of 2-Year Follow-up Prospective Data
Zihao Chen, Lei He, Lijun Huang, Zhongyu Liu, Jianwen Dong, Bin Liu, Ruiqiang Chen, Liangming Zhang, Peigen Xie, Limin Rong
Neurospine 2022;19(1):224-235.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2143084.542

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Discectomy: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of 2-Year Follow-up Prospective Data
Neurospine. 2022;19(1):224-235.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2143084.542
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes Following Minimally Invasive Discectomy: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis of 2-Year Follow-up Prospective Data
Neurospine. 2022;19(1):224-235.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2143084.542
Close
Objective
A post hoc subgroup analysis of prospectively collected data from a randomized controlled trial was conducted to identify risk factors related to poor outcomes in patients who underwent minimally invasive discectomy.
Methods
Patients were divided into satisfied and dissatisfied subgroups based on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analogue scale (VAS) back pain score (VAS-back) and leg pain score (VAS-leg) at short-term and midterm follow-up according to the patient acceptable symptom state threshold. Demographic characteristics, radiographic parameters, and clinical outcomes between the satisfied and dissatisfied subgroups were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
A total of 222 patients (92.1%) completed 2-year follow-up, and the postoperative ODI, VAS-back, and VAS-leg were significantly improved after surgery as compared to preoperatively. Multivariate analysis indicated older age (p = 0.026), lateral recess stenosis (p = 0.046), and lower baseline ODI (p = 0.027) were related to poor short-term functional improvement. Higher baseline VAS-back (p = 0.048) was associated with poor short-term relief of back pain, while absence of decreased sensation (p = 0.019) and far-lateral disc herniation (p = 0.004) were associated with poorer short-term relief of leg pain. Lumbar facet joint osteoarthritis was identified as a risk factor for poor functional improvement (p = 0.003) and relief of back pain (p = 0.031). Disc protrusion (p = 0.036) predicted poorer relief of back pain at midterm follow-up.
Conclusion
In this study, several factors were identified to be predictive of poor surgical outcomes following minimally invasive discectomy. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01997086).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Incidence and Predictors of Oral Steroid Use Shortly Following Lumbar Microdiscectomy
    Henry Avetisian, Will Karakash, David McCavitt, Bahador Athari, Marc A. Abdou, Dil Patel, Jeffrey C. Wang, Raymond J. Hah, Ram K. Alluri
    Spine.2026; 51(6): 412.     CrossRef
  • Ten-Year Heterogeneity of Minimal Important Change and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Lumbar Fusions
    Leevi A. Toivonen, Jenna L.C. Laurén, Hannu Kautiainen, Arja H. Häkkinen, Marko H. Neva
    Spine.2025; 50(1): 46.     CrossRef
  • Unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy versus percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy in the treatment of far-lateral lumbar disc herniation
    Haiyang Qiao, Haijun Ma, Mingkui Shen, Zhongxin Tang, Jun Tan
    Neurosurgical Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a nomogram to predict the risk of residual low back pain after tubular microdiskectomy of lumbar disk herniation
    Fengzhao Zhu, Dongqing Jia, Yaqing Zhang, Chencheng Feng, Yan Peng, Ya Ning, Xue Leng, Jianmin Li, Yue Zhou, Changqing Li, Bo Huang
    European Spine Journal.2024; 33(6): 2179.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Preoperative Disability on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
    James W. Nie, Timothy J. Hartman, Omolabake O. Oyetayo, Eileen Zheng, Keith R. MacGregor, Dustin H. Massel, Arash J. Sayari, Kern Singh
    World Neurosurgery.2023; 171: e412.     CrossRef
  • An Injectable Engineered Cartilage Gel Improves Intervertebral Disc Repair in a Rat Nucleotomy Model
    Basanta Bhujel, Soon Shim Yang, Hwal Ran Kim, Sung Bum Kim, Byoung-Hyun Min, Byung Hyune Choi, Inbo Han
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(4): 3146.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with incomplete clinical improvement in patients undergoing transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy for lumbar disc herniation
    Khanathip Jitpakdee, Yanting Liu, Young-jin Kim, Vit Kotheeranurak, Jin-sung Kim
    European Spine Journal.2023; 32(8): 2700.     CrossRef
  • Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient-Acceptable Symptom State in Orthopaedic Spine Surgery
    Ebubechi K. Adindu, Devender Singh, Matthew Geck, John Stokes, Eeric Truumees
    JBJS Reviews.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Cost-utility analysis of endoscopic lumbar discectomy following a uniform clinical pathway in the Korean national health insurance system
    Chi Heon Kim, Yunhee Choi, Chun Kee Chung, Seung Heon Yang, Chang-Hyun Lee, Sung Bae Park, Keewon Kim, Sun Gun Chung, Sathish Muthu
    PLOS ONE.2023; 18(6): e0287092.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Low Back Pain Aggravation After Tubular Microdiscectomy of Lumbar Disc Herniation
    Fengzhao Zhu, Yu Chen, Dongqing Jia, Yaqing Zhang, Yan Peng, Ya Ning, Xue Leng, Chencheng Feng, Yue Zhou, Changqing Li, Bo Huang
    World Neurosurgery.2023; 178: e673.     CrossRef
  • Enhanced Intervertebral Disc Repair via Genetically Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Tetracycline Regulatory System
    Yeji Kim, Seong Bae An, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Jong Joo Lee, Sung Bum Kim, Jae-Cheul Ahn, Dong-Youn Hwang, Inbo Han
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(22): 16024.     CrossRef
  • Safety and Feasibility of Intradiscal Administration of Matrilin-3-Primed Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Spheroids for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain: Phase 1 Clinical Trial
    Dong Hyun Lee, Kwang-Sook Park, Hae Eun Shin, Sung Bum Kim, Hyejeong Choi, Seong Bae An, Hyemin Choi, Joo Pyung Kim, Inbo Han
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(23): 16827.     CrossRef
  • 8,732 View
  • 188 Download
  • 12 Web of Science
  • 12 Crossref
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Cement Embolism (PCE) After Polymethylmethacrylate Augmentation: Analysis of 32 PCE Cases
Huizhi Guo, Huasheng Huang, Yang Shao, Qiuli Qin, De Liang, Shuncong Zhang, Yongchao Tang
Neurospine 2021;18(4):806-815.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142616.308

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Risk Factors for Pulmonary Cement Embolism (PCE) After Polymethylmethacrylate Augmentation: Analysis of 32 PCE Cases
Neurospine. 2021;18(4):806-815.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142616.308
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Risk Factors for Pulmonary Cement Embolism (PCE) After Polymethylmethacrylate Augmentation: Analysis of 32 PCE Cases
Neurospine. 2021;18(4):806-815.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2142616.308
Close
Objective
Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is an underestimated but potentially fatal complication after cement augmentation. Although the treatment and follow-up of PCE have been reported in the literature, the risk factors for PCE are so far less investigated. This study aims to identify the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for the development of PCE.
Methods
A total of 1,373 patients treated with the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) augmentation technique were retrospectively included. Patients with PCE were divided into vertebral augmentation group and screw augmentation group. Possible risk factors were collected as follows: age, sex, bone mineral density, body mass index, diagnosis, comorbidity, surgical procedure, type of screw, augmented level, number of augmented vertebrae, fracture severity, presence of intravertebral cleft, cement volume, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus, and periods of surgery. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to analyze independent risk factors for PCE.
Results
PCE was identified in 32 patients, with an incidence rate of 2.33% (32 of 1,373). For patients who had undergone vertebral augmentation, marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (odds ratio [OR], 1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–10.3; p=0.000) and previous surgery (OR, 16.1; 95% CI, 4.2–61.0; p=0.007) were independent risk factors for PCE. Regarding patients who had undergone screw augmentation, the marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus (OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 0.5–37.3; p=0.004) was the main risk factor.
Conclusion
Marked leakage in the paravertebral venous plexus and previous surgery were significant risk factors related to PCE. Paravertebral leakage and operator experience should be concerned when performing PMMA augmentation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Detecting asymptomatic cement pulmonary embolisms following vertebral augmentation using dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography
    Jo-Yu Chen, Fon-Yih Tsuang, Yen-Heng Lin, Chung-Wei Lee
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.2026; 125(3): 298.     CrossRef
  • Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, Treatment and Outcomes of Intracardiac Cement Embolism After Vertebral Augmentation: A Systematic Review
    Hao Tong, Peng Xie, Tao Song, Haocheng Ma, Quanzhou Xiao, Zhehao Dai
    Global Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary embolism and cement leakage in cement-augmented spinal instrumentation: incidence, associated factors, and clinical impact
    Javier Sanado-Fernández, Fernando Moreno-Mateo, Raquel Sánchez-García, Felix Tomé-Bermejo, María Garmendia-Aguilar, Luis Álvarez-Galovich
    European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biomechanical insights into anterolateral vertebral screw fixation in osteoporotic spines: a comparative study of fixation methods and positions using porcine vertebrae
    Ming-Kai Hsieh, Yun-Da Li, Weng-Pin Chen, De-Mei Lee, Ching-Lung Tai
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Symptomatic Pulmonary Cement Embolism Following Cement-augmented Pedicle Screw Instrumentation: A Case Report
    Kun-Han Lee, Yu-Chun Liu, Mu-Chieh Chi, Mao-Yi Yang, Cheng-Yi Lin, Vincent W. S. Huang
    Formosan Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders.2025; 16(3): 133.     CrossRef
  • Presentations, management strategies, and outcomes of intracardiac cement embolism following spinal vertebral augmentation: a systematic review of case reports
    Omar Lubbad, Giuseppe L Morassi, Laila Lubbad, Moadh Hwessa, Wajeeh Ullah Mahmood, Nektarios K Mazarakis
    Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Symptomatic pulmonary cement embolism following PMMA vertebroplasty: Clinical presentation and management
    Haytham Najjar, Hind Neiroukh, Layth J.M. Saada, Mohamad Thalji, Kataeb Doudin
    Respiratory Medicine Case Reports.2025; 58: 102325.     CrossRef
  • Extensive Continuous Pulmonary Cement Embolism
    Siyan Xiong, Wei Yang
    American Journal of Roentgenology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • High Rate of Pulmonary Cement Embolism after Cement-Augmented Pedicle Screw Fixation: A 12-Year Single-Center Study
    Pavlina Lenga, Awais Akbar Bajwa, Till Schneider, Joe Iwanaga, R. Shane Tubbs, Karl L. Kiening, Andreas W. Unterberg, Basem Ishak
    Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery.2024; 85(02): 117.     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary embolism and intracardiac foreign bodies caused by bone cement leakage: a case report and literature review
    Zihan Zhao, Ranran Wang, Lihua Gao, Meijing Zhang
    Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Construction and clinical validation of risk model for predicting bone cement leakage after the surgical management of spinal metastases
    Yanrong Liu
    American Journal of Cancer Research.2024; 14(10): 4841.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for pulmonary cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty and radiofrequency ablation for spinal metastases
    Luqiang Wang, Ming Lu, Xinxin Zhang, Zhenguo Zhao, Xiaoyang Li, Ting Liu, Libin Xu, Shengji Yu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in materials used for minimally invasive treatment of vertebral compression fractures
    Pengfei Sui, Tong Yu, Shouye Sun, Bo Chao, Cheng Qin, Jingwei Wang, Erwei Wang, Changjun Zheng
    Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Zementaugmentation in der Wirbelsäulenchirurgie
    Philipp Schleicher, Alexander Wengert, Jonathan Neuhoff, Frank Kandziora
    Die Unfallchirurgie.2022; 125(6): 460.     CrossRef
  • 10,876 View
  • 208 Download
  • 16 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Rod Fracture Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Sung Hyun Noh, Kyung Hyun Kim, Jeong Yoon Park, Sung Uk Kuh, Keun Su Kim, Yong Eun Cho, Dong Kyu Chin
Neurospine 2021;18(3):447-454.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040832.416

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Characteristics and Risk Factors of Rod Fracture Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Neurospine. 2021;18(3):447-454.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040832.416
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Characteristics and Risk Factors of Rod Fracture Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Neurospine. 2021;18(3):447-454.   Published online September 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.2040832.416
Close
Objective
The aim of study is to investigate the features and risk factors of rod fracture (RF) following adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.
Methods
We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies. Patient’s data including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), previous spine surgery, pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO), interbody fusion, fusion to the pelvis, smoking history, preoperative sagittal vertical axis (SVA), preoperative pelvic tilt (PT), preoperative pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis, preoperative thoracic kyphosis (TK), and change in the SVA were documented. Comparable factors were evaluated using odds ratio (OR) and weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results
Seven studies were included. The overall incidence of RF following ASD surgery was 12%. Advanced age (WMD, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.01–4.59; p < 0.002), higher BMI (WMD, 1.98; 95% CI, 0.65–3.31; p = 0.004), previous spine surgery (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.05–2.04; p = 0.02), PSO (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.62–3.19; p < 0.0001), a larger preoperative PT (WMD, 6.17; 95% CI, 3.55–8.97; p < 0.00001), and a larger preoperative TK (WMD, 5.19; 95% CI, 1.41–8.98; p = 0.007) were identified as risk factors for incidence of RF.
Conclusion
The incidence of RF in patients following ASD surgery was 12%. Advanced age, higher BMI, previous spine surgery, and PSO were significantly associated with an increased occurrence of RF. A larger preoperative PT and TK were also identified as risk factors for occurrence of RF following ASD surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Striking a Balance: The Role of Alignment, Surgical Techniques, and Multi-Rod Constructs in Reducing Rate of Rod Fractures in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
    Schahin Salmanian, Jay Kumar, César Carballo Cuello, Diego Soto Rubio, Mark Greenberg, Erik Hayman, Mohsen Rostami, Puya Alikhani
    Global Spine Journal.2026; 16(4): 1754.     CrossRef
  • What Factors Were Associated With Implant Failure After Posterior Vertebral Column Resection for Severe Thoracolumbar Pott Deformity?
    Junlong Zhong, Jingtao Gao, Jiachao Xiong, Lu Chen, Mardan Mamat, Yingsong Wang, Zhaohui Ge, Shengbiao Ma, Zhenhai Zhou, Yoon Ha, Kai Cao
    Clinical Orthopaedics & Related Research.2026; 484(5): 989.     CrossRef
  • Different Risk Factors of Rod Fracture between L5-S1 and ≥ L4-5 Levels in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
    Dong-Ho Kang, Jin-Sung Park, Se-Jun Park
    Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2026; 18(2): 281.     CrossRef
  • The lower Osteotomy Level is Associated With Decreased Revision Surgery Due to Mechanical Complications After Three-Column Osteotomy in Patients With Adult Spinal Deformity: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study
    Atsuyuki Kawabata, Kenichiro Sakai, Kentaro Yamada, Kurando Utagawa, Jun Hashimoto, Shingo Morishita, Yu Matsukura, Takuya Oyaizu, Takashi Hirai, Hiroyuki Inose, Masaki Tomori, Ichiro Torigoe, Hiroaki Onuma, Kazuo Kusano, Kazuyuki Otani, Yoshiyasu Arai, S
    Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(2): 498.     CrossRef
  • Impact of multi-rod reinforcement on rod fractures in adult spinal deformity: A retrospective case series with a minimum follow up of 5 years
    Yu Yamato, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Go Yoshida, Tomohiro Banno, Shin Oe, Hideyuki Arima, Koichiro Ide, Tomohiro Yamada, Kenta Kurosu, Keiichi Nakai, Yukihiro Matsuyama
    Journal of Orthopaedic Science.2025; 30(1): 51.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with rod fracture following surgery for adult spinal deformity: a single-center retrospective study
    Hiroki Konuma, Junya Katayanagi, Takahiro Iida, Shingo Morishita, Tomoyuki Tanaka, Tsukasa Yanase, Tetsuya Jinno, Hiroyuki Inose
    Spine Deformity.2025; 13(2): 481.     CrossRef
  • A Virtual Response Surface Strategy to Predict the Effects of Contouring on the Static and Fatigue Mechanical Behavior of Spinal Rods
    Linda Carpenedo, Francesca Berti, Luigi La Barbera
    Annals of Biomedical Engineering.2025; 53(3): 644.     CrossRef
  • A comprehensive review of risk factors and prevention strategies: how to minimize mechanical complications in corrective surgery for adult spinal deformity
    Jin-Sung Park, Hyun-Jun Kim, Se-Jun Park, Dong-Ho Kang, Chong-Suh Lee
    Asian Spine Journal.2025; 19(3): 463.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Rod Fracture at ≥L4-5 Levels Following Long-Segment Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity: Results from Segment-Based Analysis
    Se-Jun Park, Jin-Sung Park, Chong-Suh Lee, Dong-Ho Kang
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(16): 5643.     CrossRef
  • Social Media as a Tool for Spinal Implant Identification: Insights from 100 Cases Analyzed in an Online Facebook Group
    Robin M. Litten, Omar Zakieh, James F. Bathon, Byron F. Stephens
    Spine Research.2025; 1(2): 78.     CrossRef
  • A stratified analysis of multilevel direct decompression of degenerative lumbar central stenosis: Is fusion needed in the elderly?
    Samuel Ezeonu, Juan Rodriguez Rivera, Alyssa Capasso, Nicholas Vollano, Constance Maglaras, Tina Raman
    Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine.2025; 16(4): 444.     CrossRef
  • Gravity Line–Hip Axis Offset as a Guide for Global Alignment to Prevent Recurrent Proximal Junctional Kyphosis/Failure
    Seung-Jae Hyun, Sungjae An, Byoung-Joo Park, Jae-Koo Lee, Seung Heon Yang, Ki-Jeong Kim
    Operative Neurosurgery.2024; 26(3): 268.     CrossRef
  • Correlation Between Rod Fracture and Shear Stress: A Novel Parameter
    Seth Street, Abhijith V. Matur, Xu Tao, Geet Shukla, Julia Garcia-Vargas, Jay Mehta, Kelly Childress, Justin Gibson, Daryn Cass, Andrew Wu, Henry O. Duah, Benjamin Motley, Daniel Webb, Joseph Cheng, Owoicho Adogwa
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 183: e268.     CrossRef
  • Connecting the S2 alar-iliac screw head to the satellite rod for surgical correction of degenerative sagittal imbalance
    Sung Tan Cho, Dong-Ho Lee, Jae Hwan Cho, Sehan Park, Jin Hwan Kim, Mi Young Lee, So Jeong Yoon, Chang Ju Hwang
    European Spine Journal.2024; 33(5): 1850.     CrossRef
  • Sagittal alignment of diverse mechanical complications following adult spinal deformity surgery
    Changyu Pan, Anouar Bourghli, Daniel Larrieu, Louis Boissiere, Javier Pizones, Ahmet Alanay, Ferran PelIise, Frank Kleinstück, Ibrahim Obeid
    European Spine Journal.2024; 33(5): 1857.     CrossRef
  • What Are the Risk Factors for Mechanical Failure in Spinal Arthrodesis? An Observational Study
    Vincenzo Peccerillo, Antonio Culcasi, Riccardo Ruisi, Francesca Amaducci, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Marco Girolami, Andrea Evangelista, Mattia Morri
    Surgical Techniques Development.2024; 13(1): 87.     CrossRef
  • Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomies for Surgical Correction of Fixed Sagittal Imbalance: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
    Pratheek S. Makineni, Mohamed E. El-Abtah, Joshua R. Porto, Michael P. Steinmetz, Edward C. Benzel
    Neurosurgery.2024; 95(6): 1223.     CrossRef
  • Instrumentation Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Patients
    David P. Falk, Ravi Agrawal, Bijan Dehghani, Rohit Bhan, Sachin Gupta, Munish C. Gupta
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(15): 4326.     CrossRef
  • Novel assessment of physiotherapy outcomes in adults with structural spinal disorders
    Keita Sato, Toshikazu Ito, Tatsuya Endo, Takuya Miura, Masumi Iwabuchi, Osamu Shirado
    European Spine Journal.2023; 32(6): 1887.     CrossRef
  • Postoperative complications in adult spinal deformity surgery: An overview of timing, risk factors, and management strategies
    Andy Ton, Raymond J. Hah
    Seminars in Spine Surgery.2023; 35(2): 101031.     CrossRef
  • Multiple-Rod Constructs in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Jian Zhao, Zheng Nie, Zhengping Zhang, Dongfa Liao, Da Liu
    Asian Spine Journal.2023; 17(5): 985.     CrossRef
  • Mechanical Failure After Total En Bloc Spondylectomy and Salvage Surgery
    Shin Won Kwon, Chun Kee Chung, Young Il Won, Woon Tak Yuh, Sung Bae Park, Seung Heon Yang, Chang Hyun Lee, John M. Rhee, Kyoung-Tae Kim, Chi Heon Kim
    Neurospine.2022; 19(1): 146.     CrossRef
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis for the impact of rod materials and sizes in the surgical treatment of adult spine deformity
    Dawn Bowden, Annalisa Michielli, Michelle Merrill, Steven Will
    Spine Deformity.2022; 10(6): 1265.     CrossRef
  • Complications and management in adult spinal deformity
    Andrew Jae-Min Park, Addisu Mesfin
    Seminars in Spine Surgery.2022; 34(4): 100993.     CrossRef
  • Surgical outcome of minimal invasive oblique lateral interbody fusion with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis
    Jun Seok Lee, Dong Wuk Son, Su Hun Lee, Soon Ki Sung, Sang Weon Lee, Geun Sung Song, Young Ha Kim, Chang Hwa Choi
    Medicine.2022; 101(48): e31879.     CrossRef
  • 9,167 View
  • 185 Download
  • 26 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
Is Spinal Surgery Safe for Elderly Patients Aged 80 and Above? Predictors of Mortality and Morbidity in an Asian Population
Joshua Yuan-Wang Tan, Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal, Jacob Yoong-Leong Oh
Neurospine 2019;16(4):764-769.   Published online July 8, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836336.168

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Is Spinal Surgery Safe for Elderly Patients Aged 80 and Above? Predictors of Mortality and Morbidity in an Asian Population
Neurospine. 2019;16(4):764-769.   Published online July 8, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836336.168
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Is Spinal Surgery Safe for Elderly Patients Aged 80 and Above? Predictors of Mortality and Morbidity in an Asian Population
Neurospine. 2019;16(4):764-769.   Published online July 8, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/ns.1836336.168
Close
Objective
We aimed to determine the 2-year mortality and morbidity rates following spine surgery in elderly patients (age ≥80 years) and to study the associated risk factors.
Methods
The records of patients ≥80 years of age who underwent spine surgery during the years 2003–2015 at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore were retrospectively reviewed. Information was collected on their demographic characteristics, comorbidities, diagnosis, general and neurological status, type of surgery, and outcomes. The mortality and morbidity rates over a 2-year period were analyzed. Bivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with mortality.
Results
We selected 47 patients (mean age, 83.3 years; range, 80–91 years) who were followed up for a mean duration of 27.7 months. The mortality rates at 30 days, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following surgery were 2.1%, 8.5%, 10.6%, and 12.8%, respectively. The factors significantly associated with mortality included multiple comorbidities, nondegenerative aetiology, and vertebral fractures. The overall morbidity rate was 48.9%, and 17% of this cohort had major complications.
Conclusion
Surgeons should strategize management protocols with due consideration of the mortality and morbidity rates, and be wary of operating on patients with multiple comorbidities, nondegenerative conditions, and vertebral fractures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Effect of screw loosening on health-related quality of life following single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective study in Japan
    Hiroki Ushirozako, Tomohiko Hasegawa, Shigeto Ebata, Tetsuro Ohba, Hiroki Oba, Keijiro Mukaiyama, Yu Yamato, Go Yoshida, Tomohiro Banno, Hideyuki Arima, Shin Oe, Koichiro Ide, Tomohiro Yamada, Kenta Kurosu, Toshiyuki Ojima, Jun Takahashi, Hirotaka Haro, Y
    Asian Spine Journal.2026; 20(2): 244.     CrossRef
  • Risk factors for poor functional outcomes at one year in biportal endoscopic spine surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
    Peem Sarasombath, Pawin Gajaseni, Jiraporn Khorana, Pichitchai Atthakomol
    European Spine Journal.2026;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comprehensive Prospective Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Adverse Events in Spinal Procedures Among Octogenarians: A Detailed Analysis From a German Tertiary Center
    Pavlina Lenga, Philip Dao Trong, Vassilios Papakonstantinou, Andreas W. Unterberg, Basem Ishak
    Global Spine Journal.2025; 15(3): 1556.     CrossRef
  • Should We Operate on Octogenarians With Cervical Myelopathy or Radiculopathy?
    Omar Zakieh, Maryam Y. Jawid, Mitchell F. Bowers, Mason W. Young, Scott L. Zuckerman, Julian G. Lugo-Pico, Raymond J. Gardocki, Amir M. Abtahi, Byron F. Stephens
    Spine.2025; 50(7): E122.     CrossRef
  • Acute Spinal Problems in the Elderly
    Joshua Rutnagur, Andrew Frost, Mohit Arora, Jennifer Lowrie, Santosh Baliga
    British Journal of Hospital Medicine.2025; 86(4): 1.     CrossRef
  • Patient-reported outcome measures and satisfaction after laminectomy for degenerative cervical myelopathy in octogenarians: an observational study from the national Swedish spine registry
    Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Victor E. Staartjes, Anastasios Charalampidis, Gunnar Nilsson, Paul Gerdhem, Erik Edström, Adrian Elmi-Terander, Josefin Åkerstedt
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(7): 3003.     CrossRef
  • Addressing the growing burden of musculoskeletal diseases in the ageing US population: challenges and innovations
    Andrew Nguyen, Philip Lee, Edward K Rodriguez, Karen Chahal, Benjamin R Freedman, Ara Nazarian
    The Lancet Healthy Longevity.2025; 6(5): 100707.     CrossRef
  • Incidence and Causes of In-Hospital Mortality Following Elective Spine Surgery in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Multicenter Study of a Prospective Cohort
    Shunsuke Ohira, Yukimasa Yamato, Yuki Taniguchi, Naohiro Kawamura, Tetsusai Iizuka, Akiro Higashikawa, Naoto Komatsu, Yujiro Takeshita, Keiichiro Tozawa, Masayoshi Fukushima, Daiki Urayama, Takashi Ono, Nobuhiro Hara, Kazuhiro Masuda, Seiichi Azuma, Hirok
    Spine Surgery and Related Research.2025; 9(3): 331.     CrossRef
  • Weight change patterns following surgery for cervical spondylosis in overweight and obese individuals: a nationwide longitudinal study
    Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Marcus Roland Victor Gustafsson, Blake Clement, Victor E. Staartjes, Mohamad Bydon, Paul Gerdhem, Adrian Elmi-Terander, Erik Edström
    European Spine Journal.2025; 34(8): 3421.     CrossRef
  • The surgical treatment of upper cervical spine trauma in octogenerians
    Mirza Pojskić, Miriam Bopp, Christopher Nimsky, Benjamin Saß
    Brain and Spine.2025; 5: 105863.     CrossRef
  • A Retrospective Comparative Analysis of Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections and Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy for Managing Lumbar Radiculopathy in Super Elderly Patients
    Jian Zhou, An'nan Hu, Xiaogang Zhou, Jian Dong
    Clinical Interventions in Aging.2025; Volume 20: 2749.     CrossRef
  • Identification of an Operative Time Threshold for Substantially Increased Postoperative Complications Among Elderly Spine Surgery Patients
    Matthew C. Findlay, Robert B. Kim, Wesley S. Warner, Brandon A. Sherrod, Seojin Park, Marcus D. Mazur, Mark A. Mahan
    Global Spine Journal.2024; 14(5): 1532.     CrossRef
  • Prospective insights into spinal surgery outcomes and adverse events: A comparative study between patients 65–79 years vs. ≥80 years from a German tertiary center
    Pavlina Lenga, Philip Dao Trong, Vassilios Papakonstantinou, Andreas W. Unterberg, Sandro M. Krieg, Basem Ishak
    Brain and Spine.2024; 4: 102768.     CrossRef
  • Long-term outcomes after surgery for subaxial cervical spine injuries in octogenarians, a matched population-based cohort study
    Victor Gabriel El-Hajj, Aman Singh, Alexander Fletcher-Sandersjöö, Ali Buwaider, Maria Gharios, Karl J. Habashy, Simon Blixt, Vasilios Stenimahitis, Gunnar Nilsson, Paul Gerdhem, Erik Edström, Adrian Elmi-Terander
    European Spine Journal.2024; 33(8): 3099.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Outcomes and Complication Profile of Spine Surgery in Septuagenarians and Octogenarians: Case Series
    Esteban Quiceno, Scott Seaman, Amna Hussein, Nikhil Dholaria, Annie Pico, Ebtesam Abdulla, Isabel L. Bauer, Kristin Nosova, Alexandros Moniakis, Monis Ahmed Khan, Courtney Deaver, Giovanni Barbagli, Michael Prim, Ali Baaj
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 185: e878.     CrossRef
  • Biportal endoscopic en bloc removal of the ligamentum flavum for spinal stenosis: nuances for the “butterfly” technique
    Cheol Wung Park, Jacob Yoong-Leong Oh
    Asian Spine Journal.2024; 18(4): 587.     CrossRef
  • Utility of Surgical Risk Calculators in Spine Surgery in Patients Aged Over 80 Years: Analysis of SpineSage and ACS NSQIP
    James E. Willoughby, Joseph F. Baker
    Global Spine Journal.2023; 13(8): 2168.     CrossRef
  • Trends and Outcomes in Patients with Dementia Undergoing Spine Fusions: A Matched Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis
    Mayur Sharma, Nicholas Dietz, Victoria Scott, Dengzhi Wang, Beatrice Ugiliweneza, Maxwell Boakye
    World Neurosurgery.2023; 169: e164.     CrossRef
  • Operative Versus Nonoperative Management of Unstable Spine Fractures in the Elderly: Outcomes and Mortality
    Karen Malacon, Taiyeb Rangwalla, Harsh Wadhwa, Corinna Zygourakis
    Spine.2023; 48(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • The Safety of Spine Surgery in the Late-Stage Elderly of 75 Years of Age or Older: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
    Kosuke Sakai, Naokado Ikeda, Masao Fukumura, Naoki Omura, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Motomasa Furuse, Shinji Kawabata, Yoshinaga Kajimoto, Shin-Ichi Miyatake, Kunio Yokoyama, Masahiro Kawanishi, Takahiro Fujishiro, H
    World Neurosurgery.2023; 172: e524.     CrossRef
  • Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plate versus posterior screw fixation after traumatic subaxial fractures in octogenarians: complications and outcomes with a 2-year follow-up
    Pavlina Lenga, Gelo Gülec, Karl Kiening, Andreas W. Unterberg, Basem Ishak
    Acta Neurochirurgica.2023; 165(5): 1145.     CrossRef
  • Perioperative morbidity and mortality in octogenarians sustaining traumatic osteoporotic type 4 and 5 thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures: a retrospective study with 3 years follow-up
    Pavlina Lenga, Gelo Gülec, Karl Kiening, Andreas W. Unterberg, Basem Ishak
    Acta Neurochirurgica.2023; 165(6): 1407.     CrossRef
  • Ropivacaine-Epinephrine-Clonidine-Ketorolac Cocktail as a Local Anesthetic for Lumbar Decompression Surgery: A Single Institutional Experience
    Lokeshwar S. Bhenderu, Kristopher A. Lyon, Jose M. Soto, William Richardson, Ronak Desai, Mark Rahm, Jason H. Huang
    World Neurosurgery.2023; 176: e515.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy in Elderly Patients Over 65 Years of Age Compared to Young Adults
    Seong Son, Byung Rhae Yoo, Hee Jeong Kim, Sung Kyu Song, Yong Ahn
    Neurospine.2023; 20(2): 597.     CrossRef
  • Outcomes and Complications of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion as a Surgical Option in Elderly Patients (Over 70 Years Old) with Degenerative Spinal Disease
    Yong Min Lee, Dong Wuk Son, Bu Kwang Oh, Su Hung Lee, Jun Seok Lee, Young Ha Kim, Soon Ki Sung, Sang Weon Lee, Geun Sung Song
    The Nerve.2023; 9(2): 109.     CrossRef
  • Association of frailty with regional sagittal spinal alignment in the elderly
    Yun Gi Hong, Hyung-Cheol Kim, Hyeongseok Jeon, Seong Bae An, Ji Yeon Lee, Jong Joo Lee, Kwang Joon Kim, Chang Oh Kim, Dong Ah Shin, Seong Yi, Keung Nyun Kim, Do Heum Yoon, Tae Woo Kim, Yoon Ha
    Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2022; 96: 172.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disease by Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients Under and Over 80 Years of Age
    Akihiko Hiyama, Hiroyuki Katoh, Satoshi Nomura, Daisuke Sakai, Masato Sato, Masahiko Watanabe
    World Neurosurgery.2022; 167: e747.     CrossRef
  • Surgical treatment of senile spinal diseases
    Dal-Sung Ryu, Seung-Hwan Yoon
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(3): 191.     CrossRef
  • Preoperative Cognitive Impairment as a Predictor of Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery for Degenerative Spinal Disease
    Hyung Cheol Kim, Seong Bae An, Hyeongseok Jeon, Tae Woo Kim, Jae Keun Oh, Dong Ah Shin, Seong Yi, Keung Nyun Kim, Phil Hyu Lee, Suk Yun Kang, Yoon Ha
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(7): 1385.     CrossRef
  • Spine Surgeons Are Facing the Great Challenge of Contributing to the Realization of a Society of Health and Longevity
    Toshihiro Takami
    Neurospine.2019; 16(4): 770.     CrossRef
  • 24,302 View
  • 243 Download
  • 33 Web of Science
  • 30 Crossref

Clinical Article

Surgical Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Jung Tae Oh, Ki Seok Park, Sung Sam Jung, Seung Young Chung, Seong Min Kim, Moon Sun Park, Han Kyu Kim
Korean J Spine 2012;9(3):170-175.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.170

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Surgical Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Korean J Spine. 2012;9(3):170-175.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.170
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Surgical Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Korean J Spine. 2012;9(3):170-175.   Published online September 30, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2012.9.3.170
Close
Objective

Recurrent lumbar disc herniation has been defined as disc herniation at the same level, regardless of ipsilateral or contralateral herniation, with a pain-free interval greater than 6 months. The aim of this study is to analyze outcomes and identify the potential risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 178 patients who underwent open discectomy for single-level lumbar disc herniation. Visual analogue scales and modified Macnab criteria were used to compare the clinical outcomes between the recurrent group and the non-recurrent group.

Sex, age, discectomy level, degree of disc degeneration, type of disc herniation, pain-free interval after first-operation, smoking status, and trauma were investigated as potential recurrence risk factors.

Results

Of the 178 patients for whom the authors were able to definitely assess symptomatic recurrence status, 18 patients (10.1%) underwent revision surgery for recurrent disc herniation. The most common level involved was L4-L5 (61%) and the mean period of time to recurrence was 18.7 months (6-61 months). There were 17 cases of ipsilateral herniation and 1 case of contralateral herniation. The types of herniation for which revision surgery was done were protrusion (3 cases), and transligamentous extrusion (14 cases). There were five excellent, eight good, and two fair results.

Conclusion

Repeated discectomy for recurrent disc herniation produced unsatisfactory outcomes. Factors such as sex, type of disc herniation and traumatic events were found to be significant risk factors.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  Crossref logo
  • Preoperative Clinical and Radiographic Risk Factors for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
    Mohamed A.R. Soliman, Hendrick Francois, Alexander O. Aguirre, Asham Khan, Waeel Hamouda, Stipe Ćorluka, Zorica Buser, Samuel K. Cho, S. Tim Yoon
    Neurospine.2026; 23(1): 42.     CrossRef
  • Significance of intraoperative induced cough reflex in reducing the incidence of residual and recurrent lumbar disc herniation after microdiscectomy. A prospective cohort study
    Mohamed Samir Abdelhamid, Tarek Anwar Elfiky, Hesham Aly El Saghir, Mahmoud Elsayed Ali Nafady, Yasser Mohamed Ehab Amin Elmansy
    Alexandria Journal of Medicine.2025; 61(1): 171.     CrossRef
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes in Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: Clinical Results and a Decision-Making Algorithm for Endoscopic Technique Selection
    Xavier Castel, Henri d’Astorg, Thais Dutra Vieira, Marc Szadkowski
    World Neurosurgery.2025; 200: 124207.     CrossRef
  • Hybrid Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy-Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression/Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Surgery for the Treatment of Multilevel Lumbar Spine Pathology
    Kang Suk Moon, Pedro Leonardo Villanueva-Solorzano, Chung Nam Lee, Sung Sik Park
    Journal of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery and Technique.2025; 10(Suppl 2): S306.     CrossRef
  • Practice preference of revision surgery for recurrent lumbar disc herniation: an international survey of AO spine members
    Sathish Muthu, Stipe Corluka, Waeel Hamouda, Luca Ambrosio, Carla Cunha, Stjepan Ivandic, Gianluca Vadala, Hans-Jorg Meisel, Tim S Yoon, Jeffrey C Wang, Amit Jain, Zorica Buser
    European Spine Journal.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The assessment of the validity, safety, and utility of ChatGPT for patients with herniated lumbar disc: A preliminary study
    Seoyon Yang, Min Cheol Chang
    Medicine.2024; 103(23): e38445.     CrossRef
  • The Impact of Demographic Characteristics, Obesity, Surgical Level, and Intervertebral Disc Properties on Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation
    Güray Bulut, Semra Işık, Mustafa Umut Etli, Cumhur Kaan Yaltırık
    World Neurosurgery.2024; 190: e748.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with the recurrence of lumbar disk herniation: non-biomechanical–radiological and intraoperative factors
    Anas Abdallah, Betül Güler Abdallah
    Neurological Research.2023; 45(1): 11.     CrossRef
  • Moderate to Severe Multifidus Fatty Atrophy is the Risk Factor for Recurrence After Microdiscectomy of Lumbar Disc Herniation
    Fengzhao Zhu, Dongqing Jia, Yaqing Zhang, Ya Ning, Xue Leng, Chencheng Feng, Changqing Li, Yue Zhou, Bo Huang
    Neurospine.2023; 20(2): 637.     CrossRef
  • How to spot the recurring lumbar disc? Risk factors for recurrent lumbar disc herniation (rLDH) in adult patients with lumbar disc prolapse: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    ABDEL-RAHMAN ABDEL-FATTAH, A IRVING, S BALIGA, P.K. MYINT, K.R. MARTIN
    Acta Orthopaedica Belgica.2023; 89(3): 381.     CrossRef
  • Factors associated with the recurrence of lumbar disk herniation: biomechanical–radiological and demographic factors
    Anas Abdallah, Erhan Emel, Betül Güler Abdallah
    Neurological Research.2022; 44(9): 830.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors for Recurrence of Disc Herniation After Single-Level Lumbar Discectomy
    Yong Guk Kim, Joo Chul Yang, Tae Wan Kim
    Asian Journal of Pain.2021; 7: 1.     CrossRef
  • Adjuvant surgical decision-making system for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation after percutaneous endoscopic lumber discectomy: a retrospective nonlinear multiple logistic regression prediction model based on a large sample
    Yueyang Li, Bo Wang, Haiyin Li, Xian Chang, Yu Wu, Zhilei Hu, Chenhao Liu, Xiaoxin Gao, Yuyao Zhang, Huan Liu, Yongming Li, Changqing Li
    The Spine Journal.2021; 21(12): 2035.     CrossRef
  • Development of a two-part biomaterial adhesive strategy for annulus fibrosus repair and ex vivo evaluation of implant herniation risk
    Tyler J. DiStefano, Jennifer O. Shmukler, George Danias, Theodor Di Pauli von Treuheim, Warren W. Hom, David A. Goldberg, Damien M. Laudier, Philip R. Nasser, Andrew C. Hecht, Steven B. Nicoll, James C. Iatridis
    Biomaterials.2020; 258: 120309.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors of Secondary Lumbar Discectomy of a Herniated Lumbar Disc after Lumbar Discectomy
    Joo Yul Beack, Hyoung Joon Chun, Koang Hum Bak, Kyu-Sun Choi, In-Suk Bae, Kee D. Kim
    Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society.2019; 62(5): 586.     CrossRef
  • Smoking Is an Independent Risk Factor of Reoperation Due to Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation
    Stina Brogård Andersen, Elisabeth Corydon Smith, Christian Støttrup, Leah Y. Carreon, Mikkel O. Andersen
    Global Spine Journal.2018; 8(4): 378.     CrossRef
  • Long‐Term Course to Lumbar Disc Resorption Patients and Predictive Factors Associated with Disc Resorption
    Jinho Lee, Joowon Kim, Joon-Shik Shin, Yoon Jae Lee, Me-riong Kim, Seon-Yeong Jeong, Young-jun Choi, Tae Kyung Yoon, Byung-heon Moon, Su-bin Yoo, Jungsoo Hong, In-Hyuk Ha, Gihyun Lee
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniations
    Dae-Jung Choi, Je-Tea Jung, Sang-Jin Lee, Young-Sang Kim, Han-Jin Jang, Bang Yoo
    Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery.2016; 8(3): 325.     CrossRef
  • 20,644 View
  • 139 Download
  • 18 Crossref

Original Article

Surgical Treatment of Tuberculous Spondylitis: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and 15 Year Experience of Single Medical Center in South Korea.
So Yeon Kim, Jeong Yoon Park, Keun Su Kim
Korean J Spine 2011;8(3):215-220.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.3.215

Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.

Format:

Include:

Surgical Treatment of Tuberculous Spondylitis: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and 15 Year Experience of Single Medical Center in South Korea.
Korean J Spine. 2011;8(3):215-220.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.3.215
Download Citation

Download a citation file in RIS format that can be imported by all major citation management software, including EndNote, ProCite, RefWorks, and Reference Manager.
Format:
Include:
Surgical Treatment of Tuberculous Spondylitis: Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors and 15 Year Experience of Single Medical Center in South Korea.
Korean J Spine. 2011;8(3):215-220.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14245/kjs.2011.8.3.215
Close
OBJECTIVE
Despite the development of society and improvement in public hygiene, the number of cases of tuberculous spondylitis (TS) has increased recently. This study was designed to analyze the risk factors and operation methods of TS.
METHODS
In this medical record-based retrospective study, there were 83 cases reviewed of instances where TS was operated in between 1996 to 2010 at one hospital. In order to observe a change according to times, the authors divided patients into three groups by five years. We used Cochran's Q test to compare between the groups.
RESULTS
The mean age of patients was 46.1+/-18.1 years, and 44.6% of the patients were male. The operated sites were mostly lumbar (42.2%) and thoracic (33.7%) spine. Eighteen patients (21.7%) had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and only 15.6% had other underlying medical disorders. Between the groups, there were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, location, medical risk factors, or socioeconomic factors. The only two factors statistically significant were history of smoking and pulmonary TB. Operation methods have been changed from anterior approach to posterior approach. Visual analogue scale was improved significantly after the treatment (from 6.16 to 3.32) and postoperative satisfaction rate was 91.6%.
CONCLUSION
The number of patients operated due to TS has increased, and so does primary TS without pulmonary tuberculosis. A combination of surgical operation and medical treatment of the TS tends to have more favorable outcomes.
  • 4,500 View
  • 28 Download
First First Prev Prev
Page of 1
Next Next Last Last
NS : Neurospine
Facebook Twitter