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This study analyzed retrospectively the bladder function of patients after early surgery for cauda equina syndrome (CES) performed within 24 or 48 hours, or after 48 hours of the onset of autonomic symptoms.
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 31 patients after decompression surgery for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) who had been diagnosed with CES between January 2001 and December 2014 at Inha University Hospital. The following factors were assessed to evaluate the influence of time to surgery: bladder function, rectal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, LDH level, and degree of spinal canal compression.
After decompression, the outcome group was categorized into normal bladder function and abnormal bladder function. The patients operated on within 48 hours showed an improved postoperative outcome. Among 16 patients operated on within 48 hours, 13 (81%) recovered normal bladder function. In contrast, among 15 patients with decompression after 48 hours, 6 (40%) recovered normal bladder function. Among 21 patients with mild bladder dysfunction at admission, 16 (76%) recovered normal bladder function after decompression.
Our study suggests that patients who have decompression surgery within 48 hours of the onset of bladder dysfunction, improve their chances of recovering bladder function than those who have a late operation (>48 hours). Also, patients with mild bladder dysfunction are more likely to recover bladder function after decompression, than patients with severe bladder dysfunction.
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A rare case of solitary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma arising from the lumbar spinal nerve root is reported. A 37-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of progressive numbness and paraparesis in both legs. The initial diagnosis was benign primary intradural extramedullary tumor including schwannoma and meningioma. Histopathological examination revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. While a well-defined T1 isointense mass is common in primary spinal schwannoma, the present case was atypical and had a yellowish neural component. The pathogenesis and radiological findings of spinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are discussed and related literature is reviewed.
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Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a congenital developmental disorder of cervical spine, showing short neck with restricted neck motion, low hairline, and high thoracic cage due to multilevel cervical fusion. Radiculopathy or myelopathy can be accompanied. There were 2 patients who were diagnosed as KFS with exhibited radiological and physical characteristics. Both patients had stenosis and cord compression at C1 level due to anterior displacement of C1 posterior arch secondary to kyphotic deformity of upper cervical spine, which has been usually indicative to craniocervical fixation. One patient was referred due to quadriparesis detected after surgery for aortic arch aneurysmal dilatation. The other patient was referred to us due to paraparesis and radiating pain in all extremities developed during gynecological examinations. Decompressive C1 laminectomy was done for one patient and additional suboccipital craniectomy for the other. No craniocervical fixation was done because there was no spinal instability. Motor power improved immediately after the operation in both patients. Motor functions and spinal stability were well preserved in both patients for 2 years. In KFS patients with myelopathy at the C1 level without C1-2 instability, a favorable outcome could be achieved by a simple decompression without spinal fixation.
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Cervical laminoplasty has been widely accepted as one of the major treatments for cervical myelopathy and various modifications and supplementary procedures have been devised to achieve both proper decompression and stability of the cervical spine. We present the retrospectively analyzed results of a modified unilateral open-door laminoplasty using hydroxyapatite (HA) spacers and malleable titanium miniplates.
From June 2008 to May 2012, among patients diagnosed with cervical spondylotic myelopathy and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, the patients who received laminoplasty were reviewed. Clinical outcome was assessed using Frankel grade and Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. The radiologic parameters were obtained from plain films, 3-dimensional computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.
A total of 125 cervical laminae were operated in 38 patients. 11 patients received 4-level laminoplasty and 27 patients received 3-level laminoplasty. Postoperatively, the mean Frankel grade and JOA score were significantly improved from 3.97 to 4.55 and from 12.76 to 14.63, respectively (p<0.001). Radiologically, cervical curvature was worsened from 19.09 to 15.60 (p=0.025). The percentage of range of motion preservation was 73.32±22.39%. The axial dimension of the operated spinal canal was increased from 1.75 to 2.70 cm2 (p<0.001).
In the presenting study, unilateral open-door laminoplasty using HA spacers and miniplates appears to be a safe, rapid and easy procedure to obtain an immediate and rigid stabilization of the posterior elements of the cervical spine. This modified laminoplasty method showed effective expansion of the spinal canal and favorable clinical outcomes.
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The aim of this study was to compare geometrically cross-sectional areas of two different laminoplasty techniques in same opening size.
Some investigators have studied the expanded areas of the two different techniques using imaging study. Although it is unclear that postoperative spinal canal is correlated with the surgical outcome we just focused on mathematical and geometrical correlation of the expandable area with surgical opening size in different laminoplasty techniques.
To predict the expandable area by a midline splitting technique and a unilateral open door technique, we placed an imaginary isosceles triangle in the spinal canal and drew graphs for the equation of the expandable areas in same opening size using the Pythagorean theorem and mathematical program. To substitute the constant figures of mathematical formula we estimated the normal cervical spine CT scans of 50 Korean adults.
We subtracted the imaginary triangle from the spinal canal and were left with the remaining area of the spinal canal that was not changed before and after surgery. In same opening size the expandable area by the midline splitting technique was same but slightly wider than the unilateral open door technique, irrespective of the triangular shape. For a normal isosceles triangle the results were the same.
Using mathematical proof, the expandable area after the midline splitting technique was same but slightly larger than that after the unilateral open door technique, irrespective of the size of the lamina opening.
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Reports of spontaneous spinal chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) are extremely rare. In the limited cases reported, the origin, symptoms and treatments are diversely revealed. Therefore accurate diagnoses and proper treatments are difficult to determine. We report a 74-year-old male presented with severe low back pain and both buttocks pain. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a diffuse subdural infiltrating mass compress nerve roots at the level of L2-S2. Emergency operation for decompression and excision of mass revealed spinal chronic SDH. His pain was subsided after the operation. We report a rare case of idiopathic lumbosacral spinal chronic SDH and discuss various causes and treatments.
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