Neurospine

Neurospine provides spine clinicians and researchers with peer-reviewed articles on both basic and clinical investigations of the spine and spinal cord, aimed at enhancing patient management, education, research, and professionalism.

The journal welcomes submissions covering the entire spine, from the craniocervical to the lumbosacral regions, including the following areas: neuroscience and pain research, bone and mineral research, disc and joint research, bio and industrial technology, pathophysiology, risk factors, symptomatology, imaging, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal, spinal cord and peripheral nerve diseases.

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Long-term Outcomes of Multilevel Anterior Cervical Osteotomy and Posterior Instrumentation for OPLL-Induced Myelopathy With Cervical Kyphosis

Shin-Jae Kim, Pratyush Shahi, Sang-Ho Lee, Junseok Bae

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):623-630.

Objective: To analyze long-term clinical and radiological outcomes after multilevel anterior osteotomy with posterior instrumentation in patients with ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)-induced myelopathy and cervical kyphosis. Methods: Patients who...

Review Article

September 30, 2025

Atlantoaxial Reconstruction: The Artful Evolution of Craniovertebral Junctional Spine Surgery

Sang Hoon Hwang, Seung Jun Ryu, Min Han Kim, Jong Koo Lee, Sun Woo Jang, Danbi Park, Chong Man Kim, Jin Hoon Park

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):634-649.

The atlantoaxial (C1–2) junction is among the most technically demanding regions for cervical spine surgery owing to its complex osseoligamentous anatomy and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Numerous posterior fixation...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

The Role of D-Wave Monitoring in Motor-Evoked Potential Loss During Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors Resection

Hangeul Park, Woojin Kim, Jungbo Sim, Ho Sung Myeong, Young Doo Choi, Gilho Kwak, Bo Eun Kim, Jeongeum Park, Sung-Min Kim, Keewon Kim, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):650-662.

Objective: Motor-evoked potential (MEP) loss during intramedullary (IM) spinal cord tumor surgery impairs the ability to monitor further neural injury. Direct wave (D-wave) monitoring may allow continued assessment of corticospinal...

Review Article

September 30, 2025

Efficacy of Proximal Junctional Tethering in Spinal Fusion Surgery for Preventing Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Proximal Junctional Failure: A Meta-analysis

Yu-Chi Hsu, Hsuan-Tung Lee, Ying-Fong Su, Yang-Ching Chen, Serena S. Hu, Ching-Chi Hsu, Pei-I Tsai, Wei-Bin Hsu, Den-Tai Lin, Ching-Yu Lee, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):663-677.

Objective: Spinal fusion surgery is effective for treating various adult spinal deformities. However, spinal fusion surgery is associated with the risk of adjacent segment disease (ASD; 5%–30%), particularly proximal junctional...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

The Contribution of Paraspinal Sarcopenia on Sagittal Imbalance in Degenerative Kyphosis

Ming Wang, Abdukahar Kiram, Jie Li, Yunlong Xu, Jingtan Hu, Xiaodong Qin, Yu Wang, Jun Qiao, Benlong Shi, Saihu Mao, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):680-691.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between paraspinal sarcopenia (PS) and sagittal imbalance (SI) in degenerative kyphosis (DK), and to explore the correlation between paraspinal muscle (PSM) function loss and morphology...

Review Article

September 30, 2025

Chiari Malformation and Hindbrain Descent: Characterization and New Classification Based on Mechanism and Pathogenesis, and Surgical Management

Misao Nishikawa, Paolo A. Bolognese, Masaki Yoshimura, Kentarou Naito, Noritsugu Kunihiro, Hiromichi Ikuno, Mitsuhiro Hara, Hiroaki Sakamoto, Kenji Ohata, Takeo Goto

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):696-712.

H. Chiari described 4 types of abnormal development of the posterior fossa, which were subsequently classified as Chiari malformation types I, II, III, and IV. Many issues in neurosurgery concerning...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Posterolateral Sulcus Approach for Intramedullary Hemorrhage Associated With Cavernous Malformation of High Cervical Spine: Operative Technique and Outcomes

Yoshiki Fujikawa, Hideki Kashiwagi, Masao Fukumura, Ryokichi Yagi, Ryo Hiramatsu, Masahiro Kameda, Naosuke Nonoguchi, Motomasa Furuse, Shinji Kawabata, Toshihiro Takami, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):713-724.

Objective: Intramedullary hemorrhage (IH) associated with cavernous malformation (CM) of the high cervical spine remains a significant challenge for neurosurgeons. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Prognostic Factors in Craniocervical Realignment for Crainovertebral Junction Kyphosis With Negative Cervical Imbalance: A Comprehensive Study

Dong Hun Kim, Jae Taek Hong, Jin Young Kim, Kang Bin Koo, Dae Hee Lee, Jung Woo Hur, Ho Jin Lee, Il Sup Kim

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):725-736.

Objective: To elucidate the clinical outcomes of craniocervical realignment surgery in patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) kyphosis accompanied by negative sagittal imbalance, and to identify radiological predictors associated with favorable...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Vitamin A Deficiency Induces Congenital Vertebral Malformation via Retinoic Acid Signaling Mediated Sclerotome Dysplasia

Xu’an Huang, Yingxi Chen, Jiafeng Dai, Yuchang Zhou, Xin Wan, Zhen Wang, Xiaodi Hu, Yang Jiao, Haoyu Cai, Junduo Zhao, et al.

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):748-762.

Objective: Congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) arise from abnormal sclerotome development. Our previous study has indicated that vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced congenital spinal deformity in rats. However, the phenotype observed...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Biomechanical Impact of Cement Augmentation on Pedicle Screw Fixation and Adjacent Segment Disease in Multilevel Lumbar Fusion: A Finite Element Analysis

Min-Young Jo, Sung-Jae Lee, Je-Hoon An, Young-Hoon Kim, Jun-Seok Lee, Hyung-Youl Park

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):763-773.

Objective: Cement augmentation is widely used to enhance pedicle screw fixation, particularly in osteoporotic patients. However, its effects on adjacent segment disease (ASD) and implant failure in multilevel lumbar interbody...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Long Fiber Type Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pedicle Screws Exhibit High Strength, Comparable to Titanium-Alloy Screws, and Are Resistant to Loosening

Kohei Morita, Hiroki Ohashi, Kenji Tsuchida, Yasuhiro Furuta, Satoshi Tani, Kostadin Karagiozov, Yuichi Murayama

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):774-783.

Objective: To develop a pedicle screw for posterior spinal fixation using this long fiber carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) technology and evaluate its strength and radiolucency compared with titanium (Ti)-alloy...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Retro-Odontoid Pseudotumor in Atlantoaxial Instability: Insights Into Presence, Subtypes, and Postoperative Regression

Dong Hun Kim, Jung Woo Hur, Il Sup Kim, Ho Jin Lee, Jee Yong Kim, Jung Jae Lee, Jong Bum Lee, Jae Taek Hong

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):784-793.

Objective: Retro-odontoid pseudotumor (ROP) is a nonneoplastic mass associated with atlantoaxial instability (AAI). This study compared ROP-positive and ROP-negative AAI patients and evaluated cystic versus granulation-type ROP regarding regression patterns...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on School-Based Scoliosis Screening Program in South Korea

Hong Jin Kim, Jae Hyuk Yang, Hyung Rae Lee, Seung Woo Suh, Dong-Gune Chang

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):794-802.

Objective: To evaluate the trends in school-based scoliosis screening programs, with a focus on the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including its effects on referral numbers and radiological...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Association Between Facet Joint Orientation and Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: A Radiological Study of Double-Level Versus Single-Level Degenerative Spondylolisthesis

Zhentao Zhang, Qingshuang Zhou, Haicheng Zhou, Bin Wang, Yong Qiu, Zezhang Zhu, Xu Sun

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):803-811.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) and facet joint orientation, and to examine the factors influencing facet joint orientation in patients with double-level LDS (dLDS). Methods: A...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Real-Time Water Pressure Monitoring in Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery

Dongwoo Yu, Ikchan Jeon, Sang Woo Kim

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):812-818.

Objective: Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery is a minimally invasive technique that uses continuous irrigation to improve visualization and control bleeding. Effective water pressure management is crucial for patient...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Biportal Endoscopic Techniques for Severe Dural Ossification in Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum: Insights From Preoperative Imaging

Ji Yeon Kim, Su Yong Choi, Dong Chan Lee, Hyeun Sung Kim, Dong Hwa Heo

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):819-828.

Objective: This study evaluates surgical strategies based on preoperative computed tomography (CT) findings during unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) surgery for thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) with dural ossification. Methods:...

Review Article

September 30, 2025

Advances in Metastatic Disease Spinal Oncology: Novel Technology Without Forgetting the Fundamentals of Surgical Treatment

Harsh Jain, Ranbir Ahluwalia, Ilya Laufer, Scott L. Zuckerman

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):829-845.

Metastatic spine disease represents a growing therapeutic challenge that demands a balance between incorporating emerging technologies while respecting the fundamental principles during clinical decision-making. Advances in adjuvant therapies, including stereotactic...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

A Novel Clinical Insight Into Idiopathic Syringomyelia With Occult Arachnoid Webs: Neuropathological Features, Differential Diagnosis, and Surgical Strategy

Chunli Lu, Min Yin, Fan Yuan, Chenyuan Ding, Xingwen Wang, Fengzeng Jian

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):846-858.

Objective: Idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) associated with occult arachnoid pathology is a relatively rare condition characterized by a subtle onset, atypical clinical manifestations, and significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study...

Original Article

September 30, 2025

Impact of Fracture Deficit Volume on Fusion Success in Anterior Odontoid Screw Fixation

JinWoo Jung, Young San Ko, Yu Sung Yoon, Dae-Chul Cho

Neurospine. 2025;22(3):859-869.

Objective: Anterior odontoid screw fixation (AOSF) has several advantages over posterior C1–2 fusion for Grauer type II and shallow type III odontoid fractures. However, the risk factors for fusion failure,...

Complications and Management of Endoscopic Spinal Surgery Chang Il Ju, Seung Myung Lee Neurospine. 2023;20(1):56-77.Cited By 95 Review Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	The Role and Future of Endoscopic Spine Surgery: A Narrative Review Hyungjoo Kwon, Jeong-Yoon Park Neurospine. 2023;20(1):43-55.Cited By 59 Review Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Navigation-Guided/Robot-Assisted Spinal Surgery: A Review Article Young-Seok Lee, Dae-Chul Cho, Kyoung-Tae Kim Neurospine. 2024;21(1):8-17.Cited By 41 Review Article March 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Current Indications for Spinal Endoscopic Surgery and Potential for Future Expansion Kuo-Tai Chen, Jin-Sung Kim, Abel Po-Hao Huang, Martin Hsiu-Chu Lin, Chien-Min Chen Neurospine. 2023;20(1):33-42.Cited By 35 Review Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Use of ChatGPT for Determining Clinical and Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation With Radiculopathy: A North American Spine Society Guideline Comparison Mateo Restrepo Mejia, Juan Sebastian Arroyave, Michael Saturno, Laura Chelsea Mazudie Ndjonko, Bashar Zaidat, Rami Rajjoub, Wasil Ahmed, Ivan Zapolsky, Samuel K. Cho Neurospine. 2024;21(1):149-158.Cited By 33 Original Article January 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Using Double Cages: Surgical Techniques and Treatment Outcomes Jwo-Luen Pao Neurospine. 2023;20(1):80-91.Cited By 30 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
The Endoscopic Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Narrative Review, and Future Perspective Phattareeya Pholprajug, Vit Kotheeranurak, Yanting Liu, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1224-1245.Cited By 30 Review Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Predicting Mechanical Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Operation Using a Machine Learning Based on Modified Global Alignment and Proportion Scoring With Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density Sung Hyun Noh, Hye Sun Lee, Go Eun Park, Yoon Ha, Jeong Yoon Park, Sung Uk Kuh, Dong Kyu Chin, Keun Su Kim, Yong Eun Cho, Sang Hyun Kim, et al. Neurospine. 2023;20(1):265-274.Cited By 25 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Proximal Junctional Kyphosis or Failure After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery - Review of Risk Factors and Its Prevention Byung-Jou Lee, Sung Soo Bae, Ho Young Choi, Jin Hoon Park, Seung-Jae Hyun, Dae Jean Jo, Yongjae Cho, Neurospine. 2023;20(3):863-875.Cited By 25 Review Article September 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Imaging and Patient Care: A Review of Recent Advances Sungwon Lee, Joon-Yong Jung, Akaworn Mahatthanatrakul, Jin-Sung Kim Neurospine. 2024;21(2):474-486.Cited By 25 Review Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Different Ways to Die: Cell Death Pathways and Their Association With Spinal Cord Injury Lahanya Guha, Nidhi Singh, Hemant Kumar Neurospine. 2023;20(2):430-448.Cited By 24 Review Article March 2, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	The Use of Dual Direction Expandable Titanium Cage With Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Technical Consideration With Preliminary Results Don Young Park, Dong Hwa Heo Neurospine. 2023;20(1):110-118.Cited By 24 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Performance of a Large Language Model in the Generation of Clinical Guidelines for Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Spine Surgery Bashar Zaidat, Nancy Shrestha, Ashley M. Rosenberg, Wasil Ahmed, Rami Rajjoub, Timothy Hoang, Mateo Restrepo Mejia, Akiro H. Duey, Justin E. Tang, Jun S. Kim, et al. Neurospine. 2024;21(1):128-146.Cited By 24 Original Article March 31, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Perioperative Clinical Features and Long-term Prognosis After Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion (OLIF), OLIF With Anterolateral Screw Fixation, or OLIF With Percutaneous Pedicle Fixation: A Comprehensive Treatment Strategy for Patients With Lumbar Degenerative Disease Xiangyu Zhang, Yutian Wang, Weikang Zhang, Shaocheng Liu, Zhenlei Liu, Kai Wang, Hao Wu Neurospine. 2023;20(2):536-549.Cited By 23 Original Article June 27, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Thoracic Laminectomy for Thoracic Spondylotic Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum: Technical Developments and Outcomes Ji Yeon Kim, Ji Soo Ha, Chang Kyu Lee, Dong Chan Lee, Hyun Jin Hong, Su Yong Choi, Choon Keun Park Neurospine. 2023;20(1):129-140.Cited By 22 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	From the Spinopelvic Parameters to Global Alignment and Proportion Scores in Adult Spinal Deformity Yongjae Cho, Dae Jean Jo, Seung-Jae Hyun, Jin Hoon Park, Na Rae Yang Neurospine. 2023;20(2):467-477.Cited By 22 Review Article June 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
A 30-Year Worldwide Research Productivity of Scientific Publication in Full-Endoscopic Decompression Spine Surgery: Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis Yanting Liu, Vit Kotheeranurak, Javier Quillo-Olvera, Van Isseldyk Facundo, Sagar Sharma, Siravich Suvithayasiri, Khanathip Jitpakdee, Guang-Xun Lin, Akaworn Mahatthanatrakul, Hussam Jabri, et al. Neurospine. 2023;20(1):374-389.Cited By 19 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Proximal Junctional Failure in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: An In-depth Review Mitsuru Yagi, Kento Yamanouchi, Naruhito Fujita, Haruki Funao, Shigeto Ebata Neurospine. 2023;20(3):876-889.Cited By 19 Review Article September 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Quality of Spine Surgery Information on Social Media: A DISCERN Analysis of TikTok Videos Tejas Subramanian, Kasra Araghi, Izzet Akosman, Olivia Tuma, Amier Hassan, Ali Lahooti, Anthony Pajak, Pratyush Shahi, Robert Merrill, Omri Maayan, et al. Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1443-1449.Cited By 19 Original Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Three-Dimensional-Printed Titanium Versus Polyetheretherketone Cages for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Systematic Review of Comparative In Vitro, Animal, and Human Studies Neal A. Patel, Sinead O’Bryant, Christopher D. Rogers, Candler K. Boyett, Sachiv Chakravarti, Julian Gendreau, Nolan J. Brown, Zach A. Pennington, Neill B. Hatcher, Cathleen Kuo, et al. Neurospine. 2023;20(2):451-463.Cited By 18 Review Article June 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Relationships Between Skeletal Muscle Mass, Lumbar Lordosis, and Chronic Low Back Pain in the Elderly Myung Woo Park, Sang Jun Park, Sun Gun Chung Neurospine. 2023;20(3):959-968.Cited By 18 Original Article September 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Inhibition of Ferroptosis by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Acute Spinal Cord Injury: Role of Nrf2/GCH1/BH4 Axis Yixin Chen, Bingfa Li, Jing Quan, Zhe Li, Yan Li, Yinbo Tang Neurospine. 2024;21(2):642-655.Cited By 18 Original Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Biportal Endoscopic Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Adjacent 2-Level Foraminal Lesions Using a Single Approach (Sliding Technique) Dong Hwa Heo, Ji Soo Ha, Jae Won Jang Neurospine. 2023;20(1):92-98.Cited By 17 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material	Floor-Mounted Robotic Pedicle Screw Placement in Lumbar Spine Surgery: An Analysis of 1,050 Screws Pratyush Shahi, Omri Maayan, Daniel Shinn, Sidhant Dalal, Junho Song, Kasra Araghi, Dimitra Melissaridou, Avani Vaishnav, Karim Shafi, Yuri Pompeu, et al. Neurospine. 2023;20(2):577-586.Cited By 17 Original Article June 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
The Fine Line Between Simplicity and Oversimplification: Comparing the Risk Analysis Index and 5-Factor Modified Frailty Index as Frailty Assessment Tools Oluwafemi P. Owodunni, Cynthia Uzoukwu, Evan N. Courville, Meic H. Schmidt, Christian A. Bowers Neurospine. 2023;20(2):728-730.Cited By 17 Letter to the Editor June 30, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Which Indicator Among Lumbar Vertebral Hounsfield Unit, Vertebral Bone Quality, or Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry-Measured Bone Mineral Density Is More Efficacious in Predicting Thoracolumbar Fragility Fractures? Bo Zhang, Lu-Ping Zhou, Xian-Liang Zhang, Dui Li, Jia-Qi Wang, Chong-Yu Jia, Hua-Qing Zhang, Liang Kang, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen Neurospine. 2023;20(4):1193-1204.Cited By 17 Original Article December 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF
Comparative Review of the Socioeconomic Burden of Lower Back Pain in the United States and Globally Diana Chang, Austin Lui, Alisa Matsoyan, Michael M. Safaee, Henry Aryan, Christopher Ames Neurospine. 2024;21(2):487-501.Cited By 17 Review Article June 30, 2024 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Robotics in Cervical Spine Surgery: Feasibility and Safety of Posterior Screw Placement Lu-Ping Zhou, Zhi-Gang Zhang, Dui Li, Shu Fang, Rui Sheng, Ren-Jie Zhang, Cai-Liang Shen Neurospine. 2023;20(1):329-339.Cited By 16 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF Supplementary Material
Anterior Endoscopic Cervical Discectomy: Surgical Technique and Literature Review Yong Ahn Neurospine. 2023;20(1):11-18.Cited By 14 Review Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF	Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyetheretherketone Spinal Implants for Treatment of Spinal Tumors: Perceived Advantages and Limitations Christopher Alvarez-Breckenridge, Romulo de Almeida, Ali Haider, Matthew Muir, Justin Bird, Robert North, Laurence Rhines, Claudio Tatsui Neurospine. 2023;20(1):317-326.Cited By 14 Original Article March 31, 2023 Full text PubReader ePub PDF