1. Holm S. Pathophysiology of disc degeneration. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1993 251:13-5.
2. Rauschning W. Pathoanatomy of lumbar disc degeneration and stenosis. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 1993 251:3-12.
3. Rauschning W. Normal and pathologic anatomy of the lumbar root canals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1987 12:1008-19.
4. Yeung AT. Endoscopic decompression, foraminal-plasty and dorsal rhizotomy for foraminal stenosis and lumbar spondylosis: a hybrid procedure in lieu of fusion. J Neurol Disord 2016 4:322.
5. Yeung A, Yeung CA. Endoscopic identification and treating the pain generators in the lumbar spine that escape detection by traditional imaging studies. J Spine 2017 6:369.
6. Yeung AT, Gore S. In-vivo endoscopic visualization of pathoanatomy in symptomatic degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine II: intradiscal, foraminal, and central canal decompression. Surg Technol Int 2011 21:299-319.
7. Yeung AT. In-vivo endoscopic visualization of pain generators in the lumbar spine. J Spine 2017 6:385.
8. Yeung AT. The Yeung percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompressive technique (YESSTM). J Spine 2018 7:408.
9. Sengupta DK, Herkowitz HN. Lumbar spinal stenosis. Treatment strategies and indications for surgery. Orthop Clin North Am 2003 34:281-95.
10. Lee CK, Rauschning W, Glenn W. Lateral lumbar spinal canal stenosis: classification, pathologic anatomy and surgical decompression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1988 13:313-20.
11. Hasegawa T, An HS, Haughton VM, et al. Lumbar foraminal stenosis: critical heights of the intervertebral discs and foramina. A cryomicrotome study in cadavera. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995 77:32-8.
12. Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Wedge JH, Yong-Hing K, et al. Lumbar spinal nerve lateral entrapment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1982 (169):171-8.
13. Jenis LG, An HS. Spine update. Lumbar foraminal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000 25:389-94.
14. Lewandrowski KU. “Outside-in” technique, clinical results, and indications with transforaminal lumbar endoscopic surgery: a retrospective study on 220 patients on applied radiographic classification of foraminal spinal stenosis. Int J Spine Surg 2014 Dec 1;8.
https://doi.org/10.14444/1026. eCollection 2014.
15. Lewandrowski KU. Retrospective analysis of accuracy and positive predictive value of preoperative lumbar MRI grading after successful outcome following outpatient endoscopic decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019 179:74-80.
16. Lewandrowski KU. Successful outcome after outpatient transforaminal decompression for lumbar foraminal and lateral recess stenosis: The positive predictive value of diagnostic epidural steroid injection. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018 173:38-45.
17. Botwin KP, Gruber RD, Bouchlas CG, et al. Fluoroscopically guided lumbar transformational epidural steroid injections in degenerative lumbar stenosis: an outcome study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002 81:898-905.
18. el-Khoury GY, Ehara S, Weinstein JN, et al. Epidural steroid injection: a procedure ideally performed with fluoroscopic control. Radiology 1988 168:554-7.
19. Bogduk N, Aprill C, Derby R. Epidural spinal injections. In: White AH, Schollerman J editors. Spinal care: diagnosis and treatment. St. Louis (MO): Mosby; 1995. p.322-43.
20. Macnab I. Negative disc exploration. An analysis of the causes of nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1971 53:891-903.
22. Yeung A. Failed back surgery syndrome: endoscopic documentation of common causes by visualization of painful patho-anatomy in the hidden zone of the axilla containing the dorsal root ganglion and salvage treatment of neuropathic pain with DRG neuromodulation [abstract]. In: Regular poster of ISASS17 conference; 2017 Apr 12-4; Boca Raton (FL), USA.
24. Hernandez-Perez PA, Prinzo-Yamurri H. Analysis of the lumbar discectomy complications. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2005 16:419-26.
26. Ramirez LF, Thisted R. Complications and demographic characteristics of patients undergoing lumbar discectomy in community hospitals. Neurosurgery 1989 25:226-30.
27. Asch HL, Lewis PJ, Moreland DB, et al. Prospective multiple outcomes study of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: should 75 to 80% success rates be the norm? J Neurosurg 2002 96(1 Suppl):34-44.
28. Tafazal SI, Sell PJ. Incidental durotomy in lumbar spine surgery: incidence and management. Eur Spine J 2005 14:287-90.
29. Kraemer R, Wild A, Haak H, et al. Classification and management of early complications in open lumbar microdiscectomy. Eur Spine J 2003 12:239-46.
31. Bakeman R, McArthur D, Robinson BF. Detecting sequential patterns and determining their reliability with fallible observers. Psychological Method 1997 2:357-70.
32. Sibbald M, Cavalcanti RB. The biasing effect of clinical history on physical examination diagnostic accuracy. Med Educ 2011 45:827-34.
33. Zwaan L, Monteiro S, Sherbino J, et al. Is bias in the eye of the beholder? A vignette study to assess recognition of cognitive biases in clinical case workups. BMJ Qual Saf 2017 26:104-10.
34. Henriksen K, Kaplan H. Hindsight bias, outcome knowledge and adaptive learning. Qual Saf Health Care 2003 12 Suppl 2:ii46-50.
35. Hugh TB, Tracy GD. Hindsight bias in medicolegal expert reports. Med J Aust 2002 176:277-8.
36. Wübken M, Oswald J, Schneider A. Dealing with diagnostic uncertainty in general practice. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes 2013 107:632-7.