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Funding/Support
This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Author Contribution
Conceptualization: SHN, SHK, KHK; Data curation: SHN, HSL, GEP, SHK, KHK; Formal analysis: SHN, SHK, KHK; Methodology: SHN, HSL, GEP, SHK, KHK; Project administration: SHN, HSL, GEP, SHK, KHK; Visualization: SHN, YH, JYP, SUK, DKC, KSK, YEC, SHK, KHK; Writing - original draft: SHN; Writing - review & editing: SHN.
Variable |
Training set (n=167) |
Test set (n = 71) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Complication |
p-value |
Complication |
p-value | |||
No (n=96) | Yes (n=71) | No (n=42) | Yes (n=29) | |||
Age (yr) | 67.18 ± 7.07 | 68.63 ± 7.99 | 0.215 | 66.40 ± 6.64 | 67.72 ± 7.49 | 0.438 |
Sex | ||||||
Male | 12 | 9 | 8 | 5 | ||
Female | 84 | 62 | 0.973 | 34 | 24 | 0.847 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.54 ± 2.92 | 24.70 ± 3.05 | 0.013* | 23.39 ± 2.53 | 25.02 ± 2.79 | 0.013* |
BMD (T-score) | -1.57 ± 0.85 | -2.60 ± 0.98 | < 0.001* | -1.85 ± 0.83 | -2.41 ± 0.86 | 0.007* |
GAP score | ||||||
Relative pelvic version score | 0.003* | 0.002* | ||||
0 | 41 | 17 | 24 | 5 | ||
1 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 3 | ||
2 | 35 | 25 | 11 | 11 | ||
3 | 10 | 23 | 3 | 10 | ||
Relative lumbar lordosis score | ||||||
0 | 42 | 13 | 19 | 5 | ||
2 | 45 | 21 | 18 | 9 | ||
3 | 9 | 37 | < 0.001* | 5 | 15 | 0.001* |
Lordosis distribution index score | ||||||
0 | 54 | 33 | 26 | 13 | ||
1 | 9 | 6 | 3 | 5 | ||
2 | 15 | 16 | 7 | 1 | ||
3 | 18 | 16 | 0.547 | 6 | 10 | 0.045* |
Relative spinopelvic alignment score | ||||||
0 | 35 | 15 | 19 | 4 | ||
1 | 51 | 31 | 17 | 8 | ||
3 | 10 | 25 | < 0.001* | 6 | 17 | < 0.001* |
Variable |
Univariable model |
Multivariable model 3 |
Multivariable model 4 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Age | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.215 | 1.284 (1.073–1.536) | 0.006* | 1.284 (1.073–1.536) | 0.006* |
Sex | ||||||
Male | Reference | |||||
Female | 0.98 (0.39–2.48) | 0.973 | ||||
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.14(1.03–1.27) | 0.015* | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 0.080 | ||
BMD (T-score) | 0.26 (0.16–0.41) | < 0.001* | 0.28 (0.16–0.46) | < 0.001* | 0.28 (0.17–0.47) | < 0.001* |
Relative pelvic version score | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
1 | 1.45 (0.45–4.61) | 0.532 | 1.42 (0.35–5.73) | 0.620 | ||
2 | 1.72 (0.80–3.70) | 0.163 | 0.87 (0.29–2.58) | 0.798 | ||
3 | 5.55 (2.18–14.10) | < 0.001* | 0.22 (0.04–1.26) | 0.090 | ||
Relative lumbar lordosis score | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
2 | 1.51 (0.67–3.39) | 0.320 | 1.71 (0.54–5.38) | 0.360 | 1.43 (0.57–3.55) | 0.444 |
3 | 13.28 (5.10–34.62) | < 0.001* | 28.81 (4.77–174.05) | < 0.001* | 11.02 (3.80–31.98) | < 0.001* |
Lordosis distribution index | ||||||
0 | Reference | |||||
1 | 1.09 (0.36–3.34) | 0.879 | ||||
2 | 1.75 (0.76–3.99) | 0.187 | ||||
3 | 1.45 (0.65–3.24) | 0.359 | ||||
Relative sagittal alignment score | ||||||
0 | Reference | Reference | ||||
1 | 1.42 (0.67–3.01) | 0.363 | 0.94 (0.33–2.65) | 0.906 | ||
3 | 5.83 (2.25–15.08) | < 0.001* | 1.22 (0.24–6.11) | 0.813 |